My Favorite Stephen Sondheim Musicals

Wolf Lichen

Noxious yet in addition a healer. It is exceptionally plenteous in Idaho however rare and elusive in Scandinavia. Wolf Lichen is the name of this secretive plant. It is one of various kinds of lichen found in nature and fluctuates in manners, for example, environment, use, and appearance. Lichen is a moderate developing plant family that is generally organized in an axle or leaf like shape. Lichen is comprised of two segments; organisms and green growth. (Hollering, J. 014) The Fungal perspective is available in that it contains Chitin in their cell dividers, they produce hyphen, spore delivering, it is multicultural, and that they deed on dead trees/plants . The algal part implies they are eukaryote, can photosynthesis, and they have specific tissues. (Thomas-Sucker, J. 2012) In Wolf Lichen and dead/biting the dust trees structure by cooperative connections. Advantageous interaction depicts a nearby association between two living beings that benefits/hurt at any rate one of the livi ng beings. Some of the time harmonious connections can be valuable, however can be at times harmful.This cooperative relationship is gainful to each other, supposing that we didn't have dead or passing on plants we would never have Wolf Lichen(Hollering,J. 2014). Wolf Lichen likewise delivers its own food with the end goal for it to endure. To do as such, it experiences photosynthetic procedures. Photosynthesis begins with catching the sun's vitality as sugar. At that point the Wolf Lichen stores the subsequent sugar in cells to shape glucose for snappy development. Photosynthesis speaks to the magnificence of the concoction procedure that takes six water atoms from the roots and six carbon dioxide particles from the air and makes one sugar molecule.If there was nothing of the sort as photosynthesis there would be no life on earth as we probably am aware it. (tasteful, J. , and Comma, C. 014) Lichen are sorted into three distinct realms, which are Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Protests, an d Kingdom Moaner. One fascinating reality about Wolf Lichen is they can close down their digestion during times when sustenance is rare and furthermore in frosty climate. Wolf Lichen normally becomes not exactly a millimeter for each year. There are an aggregate of 287 unique sorts of types of lichen of 68 kinds, and a sum of 8 distinct assortments in Idaho .According to late research led by Dustin Shown, John Areola, and Braided Irishman on the Ph of lichen; Wolf Lichen, alongside other lichen have a mean of around 4. 1 on the Ph scale. This implies Wolf Lichen have an acidic compound (See figure 1 at introduction). (Thomas-Sucker, J. 2012) Wolf Lichen is additionally named Lethargy. There are two kinds of Lethargy (L. ) that are not effectively perceptible; L. vulpine and L. Columbian. These two species are fundamentally the same as from numerous points of view yet in addition altogether different. L. vulpine is abiogenetic and replicates with sorehead, while L. Alumina is sexual and doesn't imitate with sorehead. L. vulpine is the main lichen that is toxic. (Hollering,J. 2014) Sorehead is a regenerative structure for lichens. Lichens can recreate agamically and explicitly. Sorehead is a fine substance made out of parasitic hyphen that folds over contractible. Contagious hyphen make up the essential body structure of lichen. (Conrad,J. 2005) As Wolf Lichen can develop to the size of 1 CM. Yet, can be as extensive as 12 CM. The branches are round and wrinkled when in dry conditions. The shading ranges from a light yellow-green to a dull yellow.It won't develop in frosty temperatures. Be that as it may; ice doesn't slaughter it, it Just quits developing. When the climate is hotter the lichen will begin developing and imitating. Wolf Lichen is very delicate to air contamination and won't develop in dirtied regions. Wolf Lichen develops on dead trees and stumps. It develops all the more frequently on bright sides of trees and shakes. It doesn't for the most part develop in waterfront downpour woodlands. (Conrad, J. 2005) In the past individuals have harmed wolves and different creatures with Wolf Lichen. Since the lichen is noxious, it permitted the Coachman individuals in Northern California to utilize poison bolt heads.Farmers in the past utilized bits of meat, squashed glass, and embedded Wolf Lichen to harm the wolves and different animals that would trouble their harvests. (tasteful, J. , and Comma, C. 2014) The lichen has vulpine corrosive in it which stops the respiratory frameworks of the creatures. The glass is utilized to harm the digestive organs of the creatures, with the goal that the poison could assault the body and slaughter the creatures. Wolf Lichen is toxic, which caused individuals to need to utilize a veil so they wouldn't hurt themselves. (ABA, N. 2011) Wolf Lichen was utilized as a yellow color. This color was utilized for shading baskets.Wolf Lichen was additionally utilized for medication. Lichen was utilized to cl ean out injuries and cuts, relieving their wounds. (Conrad, J. 2005) Statistics show that 50% of all lichen are known as an anti-infection. In the United States they utilized lichen for mouth, stomach, digestion tracts, butt, vagina, nose, ear, and skin torment. While in Finland it was utilized for treating skin emissions, skin wounds, and competitor's foot. (Hollering, J. 2014) In Scandinavia, Wolf Lichen is an uncommon animal varieties and are red-recorded, which implies that they are at risk for turning out to be extinct.Wolf lichen used to be rich in a zone of Scandinavia called Garðenslaved, yet after the years had passed, Wolf Lichen turned out to be rare and harder to discover. The Wolf Lichen was abused and demolished, so attempting to secure Garðenslaved against individuals who decimated Wolf Lichen is one thing we can do to ideally spare the Wolf Lichen. Additionally Wolf Lichen is the most shot lichen in Garðenslaved. The species are additionally situated around Europe and right to North America. (ABA, N. 2011) Although Wolf lichen is rare in Scandinavia it is extremely copious in Idaho.Wolf Lichen is found on the vast majority of the trees that are passing on or effectively dead. Wolf Lichen is a pointer that assists individuals with telling if trees or different plants are dead or passing on. It very well may be discovered everywhere throughout the town of McCall, Idaho, which is directly close to Ponderosa State Park. Wolf Lichen enables the state to stop by telling them what trees to chop down or to look out for so it doesn't make any harm the individuals visiting or harm to the biological system. (Shoehorn, S. 001) Wolf Lichen is for the most part found on twigs and stumps of most trees or plants. There are, notwithstanding, lichen that is found on tree bark,and additionally houses and fence posts.It here and there starts on rocks. It typically develops in a thick, strong spread, around and on dead trees and appendages. It is progressively r ich in various natural surroundings where daylight is all the more ordinarily found. (Turner and Kindle, 1998) Overall, Wolf Lichen is an uncommon sort of lichen, in addition to the fact that it is toxic and a healer, yet it is the main sort of lichen that contains poison. It is likewise ordered into three distinct kinds of Kingdoms which separates from every other lichen. Wolf Lichen has numerous employments. The manner in which individuals used to utilize it is totally different from how we use it today.

Strategies for ADHD Students to Improve Writing Skills

Strategies for ADHD Students to Improve Writing Skills ADHD School Print Strategies to Improve Writing Skills in Students With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Christian Horz/Getty Images Students with ADHD often have really wonderful, creative ideas. Getting these ideas and thoughts down on paper, however, can sometimes be quite a challenge. Many students with ADHD find that the process of writing is a struggle and an area they would prefer to avoid at all costs. These students often take longer to get started with writing assignments, have difficulty organizing their thoughts and getting them down on paper, and may struggle to maintain their focus on the task at hand. Unfortunately, as a student moves into the high school and college years, writing assignments -- reports, essays, and discussion questions -- figure in prominently in the curriculum. But the good news is theres hope for improving your writing skills, even with ADHD. Why ADHD Students Tend to Have Difficulty With Developing Writing Skills The process of writing involves the integration of several skills including the ability to generate, plan and organize ideas, express one’s thoughts with words, and structure sentences and paragraphs in proper order. Writing also requires working memory. In her book, Teaching Teens with ADD, ADHD, and Executive Function Deficits, Chris Dendy, M.S., explains how working memory comes into play: “Students have to use their working memory to remember what they are writing about and decide which thought they want to express next. Simply holding that thought or a chunk of information in working memory long enough to write it down is often difficult.” Working memory is also necessary in order to correctly apply spelling, grammar, capitalization and punctuation rules when writing. In addition, writing requires fine-motor coordination and the ability to organize print on paper. A student must also control impulsivity and a tendency to rush through his or her work and must be able to sustain attention to complete the process of written expression. Strategies to Improve Writing Skills Use whichever form of writing comes more naturally to you â€" print or cursive. For many students, printing comes more easily and requires less memory than cursive writing.Use a computer for written work.Ask for accommodations such as extended time on written work.Brainstorm ideas and write them all down, then narrow selections one at a time.Talk it out. Spend some time talking out loud about what you want to write.Dictate your words into a tape recorder, then type them up or use a speech-to-text software program.Use Post-it notes to write down each of your ideas on a topic. Then organize and group ideas.Make an outline or use a graphic organizer or mind map to help structure writing projects.Write a first draft of the written assignment and then show it to the teacher before it is due so that she can make suggestions and give input before you turn in the final draft.Ask your teacher for two grades -- one grade for content and one for grammar, spelling, and punctuation.If you are usi ng a computer, run spell and grammar check.Get help from your parent or friend with proofreading and reviewing your work.

Critical Essay on Shakespeares Measure For Measure

Critical Essay on Shakespeares Measure For Measure Measure for Measure is one of the most unusual plays of Shakespeare. It was originally considered to be a comedy. However, the text is so cynical and gloomy that it is often referred to as a problem play or a â€Å"black comedy†. The play mostly deals with the points of mercy, justice and truth, and their relationship to pride and humility. Ideologically the play investigates the issue of the absolute power and its influence on the society: a person who gets the power, becomes a tyrant. If the tyrant is seduced, even the strongest church-goer can be found sinful. The main character Angelo is known to be a hard-liner in the issues of sexual immorality and tries hard to control the private sexual life of the citizens. However, he turns out to be a hypocrite, who harbors lustful thoughts on a novice nun Isabella. The girl is made to choose: she can save her brothers life if she yields Angelo her virginity or they will both die. The girl chooses to die together with her brother, rather than to sacrifice her immortal soul. Being more a tragedy in the beginning, the play turns into a happy end story, as the Duke of the city finds out about Angelos cruel plans and helps the sufferers to prove trustful. The title of the story is usually considered to be the interpretation of a famous biblical quote â€Å"For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you†, which can actually be used to describe the whole idea of the play, so successfully dealing with the themes of honesty, hypocrisy and true virtues.

How Selection On Behavior Shapes Brain Investment - 830 Words

Understanding how selection on behavior shapes brain investment is a major question in the analysis of the evolution of animal sociality [Szathmary and Maynard Smith, 1995; Edelman and Changeux, 2001; Ricklefs, 2004; Gronenberg and Riveros, 2009]. Neural tissue is energetically expensive and therefore brain regions should only enlarge when needed to meet functional demands [Niven and Laughlin, 2008]. The social brain hypothesis posits that social interactions are so cognitively demanding that social environment selects for enhanced neural development [Humphrey, 1976; Dunbar and Shultz, 2007]. Studies supporting the social brain hypothesis usually rely on comparative analyses across taxa with varying levels of social complexity and use†¦show more content†¦To date only two brain investment studies on solitary and facultatively social bees are reported. A study on solitary bees, Osmia lignaria found that adults emerge with neuronal development typical of experienced workers in advanced eusocial insect species, but also found that mushroom body neuropil volume further increased with foraging experience [Withers et al., 2007]. These results confirm that mushroom bodies are important for cognitive processes in solitary antecedents, but cannot inform us on the role of social experience on neuropil investment. Smith et al. [2010] examined brain size and development using the facultatively social bee Megalopta genalis, a species with both solitary and primitively social colonies in the same populations. Mushroom body size increased with foraging behavior in solitary individuals and workers compared to newly emerged M. genalis females, but even greater mushroom body development was found in queens. Smith et al. [2010] attributed enhanced growth of the mushroom body cortex to maintaining behavioral dominance. 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Democracy and Best Form Free Essays

string(29) " to all the spheres of life\." 1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Democracy and Best Form or any similar topic only for you Order Now It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 3. It provides a dignity to the people. 4. It helps in realising one’s mistakes and improving upon them. 5. There is no other form of government or an lternative better than a democracy. Yes democracy is the best form of government. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it’s flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece’s current state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does. DEMOCRACY is the best form of govt. Yes democracy is the best form of govt. It grants us many things. 1.Right to speech. 2.Right to information. 3.Right to vote and etc. It represents each and every citizen equally whether you are poor or you are rich. In a monarchy or dictatorship no one can say or present their point of view. They have to follow what a single man says but in democracy we have been granted by RIGHT TO SPEECH. Democracy is the best form of government As democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. 1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 2. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 3. It provides a dignity to the people. 4. It helps in realising one’s mistakes and improving upon them. 5. There is no other form of government or an alternative better than a democracy. democracy is the best form of government Democratic states nearly always have freer people than autocratic states. They obviously have the right to vote for their government so by extension deciding the policy of their nation and what their nation should be like. They have more freedom of speech and expression than in autocracies. In particular they are free to criticize their own government. Democracy is the best form of government As democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have its flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Some plus points of having a democratic form of government:- 1. Freedom 2. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 3. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 4. It provides a dignity to the people. 5. Democracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives. 6. It also allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. 7. It Respects promotes Human Rights 8. In this form of government all people are equal before the law. 9. Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinion. 10. In my view there is no other alternative form of government better than a democracy. Freedom for people Democracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives . It allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. People and media criticize the ruling party without any censorship unlike autocracy where there is a limit on people’s power of speech. People have the right to protest,celebrate and freely express themselves . I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people an equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better. Democracy represents all Well, we all know the best form of government where every group gets it equal representation and equal chance of winning is democracy. Every citizen has the right to vote on their own. It gives complete freedom of expressing one’s feeling on who would they want to be governed by. In the end nobody wants to be enslaved. In the end everyone wants to have control over their own life. As long as people aren’t robots, they will crave democracy and freedom, as they should. It is also true the Democracies tend to do better because some of the people in it will seek to advance themselves and that will lead to innovation and growth. You don’t get the same effect with other countries where thinking for yourself is sometimes punishable by death. Fundamental characteristics of democracy Separation of powers: The legislative, executive and the judiciary operate independently without any interference of one of the others Rule of law: Every one is equal in the eye of the law. As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Freedom and liberty in Democratic form of Government Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinions, whereas in other forms of government such as Monarchy, the law making is rested in the hands of the king who is considered most superior. In democracy we have the freedom to reside in any town or village of the country, have the freedom to select occupation of choice, raise voices, organize protests and rallies, etc. Thus Democracy is the best form of government and can be applied to all the spheres of life. You read "Democracy and Best Form" in category "Papers" Yes democracy is best Democracy is a form of govt. in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in decisions that effect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally either directly or through elected representatives in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.Democracy by definition is a political system in which supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. Yes it is the best form of government As democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. Yes it is Democracy is the best form of government because it is for the people by the people with the people. In this form of government people elect their own representatives through voting or elections. In this government if people are not happy with the government they can remove it from power by not voting them in the next elections. Support people’s rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. Has provided fundamental rights. But in a non-democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn’t work. Support people rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. has provided fundamental rights. But in a non-democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn’t work. Yes it is I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people and equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better and its gives freedom to the people but with boundaries. So therefore, democracy is the best form of government! Represents the people The biggest virtue of Democracy is that it is government by the people for the people. The government represents the views of the people who elect them and can throw them out if the government does things that the people do not like. Unlike other forms of government democracy is about the little man, everyone rather than the elite that are often disconnected from how everyone else lives their lives. i think democracy is nice Yes I feel that it is because it allows us the freedom to choose. The majority of our country is allowed to choose what they feel is best for them. It is not just one person deciding what they think is best for everyone else. Democracy will always win out over other forms of government. Yes democracy is the best form of government. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it’s flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece’s current state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does. Best Option overall If we can’t elect who we want the what kind of world are we. I now sometimes democracies can be corrupt but so can monarchies. If the people do not like their king then you have to fight a war to kick him out of power. So democracy is best Democracy represents unity 1. Democracy shows to the citizens that the government cares about them and their opinons. 2. The citizen’s voices and opinions can be heard 3. It gives us the right to vote and the right of knowledge 4. It promotes equality to the rich AND poor 5. It gives other’s the chance to become president or prime minister, or such. In a monarchy, it is simply passed down through generations to come. Oh yes always Yes it is The very clichà ©d definition of a democracy- it is of the people for the people and by the people. This means that it functions not only for the people but also for their benefits as the people are the rulers and they can understand each others necessities. Also in the other forms of government whether it be anarchy or monarchy, people are coerced with laws and rules they may not want to follow but just have to bare with it which created anger and disharmony for instance in the case of Syria rebellion. There is also no constitution which guarantees the people certain human rights and they cannot even use it as a living document. Thus it is somewhat not a good form of government. However in democracy one can voice out their own opinions and views as it guarantees freedom of speech, action an the list goes on . Thus democracy is the best form of government Yes I do It’s really fair, and in that way, your voices are heard!!!!) Everybody in countries like America and Australia are happy, because there is a democracy, and they get a vote.Also, the votes of the minority are counted too, and people are free to do anything. Other forms of government aren’t that productive, while democracy is. I have no heading Democracy is the best form of government. People want freedom, and with  democracy, that’s what they’ll get. This government respects people and their rights. It also promotes them. It is based off of the discussions and opinions of the people. It is important that the people can control the government. An autocratic government could create laws that have nothing to do with the current situation that the country is in and the citizens wouldn’t be able to do anything about it. Yes it is The best form of the government because it is according to the nature of the man.A man wants to be free and want to express his thoughts what democracy provides.Unlike monarchy or anarchy system which are against the nature of a man and according to that systems a man become just like a slave who have to follow the orders of the KING or QUEEN. One of the Best Democracy can be called the best form but still it is far better than the other forms of the government. Every one has the right to express himself, people have right of freedom in various sense. Anyone would like to be free and this is what provided by the democracy. Democracy is the best In some places, people believe that is not the best. However it is the best because the government cannot do whatever, they still have to follow some laws, and almost everything is voted on. Whenever a vote is taken it is won by majority rules, so the public has a say in everything that goes on with the government. Obviously it is With a Democracy we can elect people who have similar views as us instead of trusting a king or queen. Yes their are flaws in Democracy but no government is perfect. At least with democracy we have a way to express our thoughts by peaceful protests because, in other countries its against the law to protest. Yes, best form Democracy as defined, is Govt of the People For the People By the People. So it’s for the people who are given all the rights to choose their leaders, enjoy freedoms as of Expression, Religion, Movement, holding their leaders accountable for the decisions they make on their behalf in governance etc. It’s simply the best form of govt because in monarchy and other types of govt the citizenry don’t enjoy such privileges. Best form of government Nowadays, there is no ideology with any political party. A majority of the political leaders in our country have become corrupt and selfish. They never care the fact that they are the representatives of the public and they have some duties towards them. Once elected, they forget their promises, which they make at the time of election. Yes it is Because we get the right to choose the government of our own choice we can do everything . A democratic country is a well developed How to cite Democracy and Best Form, Papers

Sexual Harassment Essays (1724 words) - Workplace Bullying

Sexual Harassment The issue of sexual harassment has been prevalent throughout this country from the office of the President of the United States, throughout military services and among educational institutions. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination and although it is an offense committed by both females and males in assorted measures, it is predominately committed by males against females. Sexual harassment touches the lives of 40-60% of working women and similar proportions of female students in colleges and universities(Feignbaum, 115). Despite widespread publicity about the perils of sexual harassment, surveys demonstrate that many businesses operating in the United States have yet to address the problem. Moreover, recent news reports indicate that sexual harassment has reached the highest levels of management. The concept of sexual harassment has been around since the mid-1970s. Today, both classifications of sexual harassment are claimed a gainst men and women, resulting in a potential major loss for a company. A comment made by Donna Henry in response to Marianne Jennings article says men and women no longer know how to relate to one another at work in a manner which creates a dignified and productive quality of life in the workplace.(634) The workplace is a place where one should feel comfortable. Yet while creating this comfortable atmosphere, workers should not feel like they have to constantly watch what they say. There is where the sexual harassment can get dangerous because what is not offensive to one person, may be for another. As Eventually this may end up effecting the working woman. As Elizabeth Larson writes In the end, the true backlash against women will not stem from the lewd, sexist bosses but from something far more threatening to the achievements of women: an employers silent rejection of a womans job application for fear of trouble.(628) As a female this is what is most disturbing. This is why there needs to be clear cut definitions of what sexual harassment is. Federal law recognizes two different forms of claiming sexual harassment under Title VII. The first is quid pro quo. Under the quid pro quo form of harassment, a person in authority, usually a supervisor, demands sexual favors of a subordinate as a condition of getting or keeping a job benefit. EEOC guidelines define sexual harassment generally as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. In quid pro quo cases, the offense is directly linked to an individual's terms of employment or forms the basis for employment decisions affecting the individual. Usually, such cases are easy to recognize the first sexual harassment lawsuit under Title VII was decided on quid pro quo grounds. When such harassment occurs, the subordinate has the legal right to take the employer to court. Because courts follow the doctrine of respondeat superior, the company is held strictly liable even if it had no knowledge of the conduct. (Robert s) An example of this type of harassment is the case of Lelia Bush v. Astra AB. A pharmaceutical company recently agreed to pay $9.85 million to settle claims that its president and other executives pressure female employees for sex. The settlement is the largest ever obtained by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Lelia Bush, a former ASTRA USA sales representative, who said women were constantly solicited for sexual favors while she worked there, filed the original complaint. Astra AB, a Swedish company, admitted that it allowed a hostile work environment, including requests for sexual favors in exchange for favorable treatment, at its U.S. headquarters. The EEOC charged that the company's former president, Lars Bildman, replaced older female employees with young, single women who were pressured to have sex. Former employees said the president demanded that eight hours of work be followed by eight hours of drinking and partying, according to the Associated Press. (Roberts) Bi ldman, who was accused of spending company money for his sexual fetishes, was fired in 1996. The $9.85 million will be split among 79 women and a man who said he was for speaking out.(Roberts) Frequently, a quid pro quo situation does not exist. Many sexual harassment victims are never threatened with termination or lack of

Classic Pen Co. Case Essays

Classic Pen Co. Case Essays Classic Pen Co. Case Essay Classic Pen Co. Case Essay Classic Pen Co. Case In the past Classic Pen Company had been the low-cost producer of black and blue pens and had profit margins over 20% of sales. Over the last five years Pen Co. decided to start producing red and purple pens. They require the same basic production technology but can be sold at 3% and 10% premium selling prices. Sales Manager Dennis Selmor is just seeing the financial results and is not happy with the numbers. The first issue that Pen Co. is facing is their decline in profitability. Even though the numbers show the red and purple pens are more profitable individually (red 14. %, purple 18. 2%), the overall return on sales is declining (13. 5%). A second issue that Pen Co. has is the issue of addition of resource costs. It requires a substantial amount of time for physical changeover of production from one colour pen to another. Particularly changing from another colour to red. The final issue Pen Co. faces is the increase of costs related t o scheduling and purchasing activities. Most of the indirect labour costs and computer system costs are related to scheduling and purchasing. Pen Company’s declining profitability could be based on the amount of the company’s overhead. They have determined overhead to be 300% of direct labour costs, when previously the overhead cost was only 200%. The make-up of this overhead is indirect labour, fringe benefits, computer systems, machinery, maintenance, and energy. The reason for such a large increase in overhead is because of the higher demand for indirect costs due to the addition of more complex and specialized products. While the cost for direct labour per one unit is the same for each colour of pen produced. The cost for indirect labour is made up of three different activities: 50% for handling production runs ($10,000), 40% for physical changeover or set up costs ($8,000), and 10% for maintaining records or parts administration ($2,000). The cost for computer systems is made up of two activities: 80% for production run activities ($8,000), and 20% for record keeping or parts administration ($2,000). Finally the remaining indirect costs are the machinery ($8,000), maintenance ($4,000), and energy ($2,000). These are all used to supply the machine with the capacity to produce the pens with a total of $14,000. Overall Classic Pen Co. must improve upon several areas of demand in order to increase its profitability similar to what it had been in the past. They need to increase their planning and try to adjust their current planning system and organizing. They could invest in more computers to increase the amount of scheduling being done by computers and as a result lower their indirect labour costs. Finally I recommend they should invest in some more machines to produce the different colour pens in. This would have a high cost of capital but would eventually save the company money in the labour cost and time required for the physical changeover between colours Calculation Page Indirect LabourMachine Support Handling Production Runs = 10,000Machinery = 8,000 Set Up = 8,000Maintenance = 4,000 Parts Administration = 2,000Energy = 2,000 Fringe Indirect Labour = 8,000Total = 14,000 Computer SupportFringe for Direct Labour Handling Production Runs = 8,000Fringe = 8,000 Parts Administration = 2,000 Total Overhead = 60,000 Calculating Activity Rate Activities| Activity Cost| Cost Driver #| Calculation| Activity Rate| 1) Handling PR| 22,000| 150| 22,000/150| 146. 67 / Run| 2) Set Up| 12,000| 526| 12,000/526| 22. 81 / Hour| 3) Parts Admin. | 4,000| 4| 4,000/4| 1000 / Product| 4) Machine Support| 14,000| 10,000| 14,000/10,000| 1. 4 / Hour| 5) Fringe DL| 8,000| 20,000| 8,000/20,000| 0. 4 / DL Cost| Total| 60,000| | | |

Grauballe Man (Denmark) - European Iron Age Bog Body

Grauballe Man (Denmark) - European Iron Age Bog Body The Grauballe Man is the name of an extremely well-preserved Iron Age bog body, the 2200-year-old body of a man pulled from a peat bog in central Jutland, Denmark in 1952. The body was found at depths of more than one meter (3.5 feet) of peat. The Story of Grauballe Man Grauballe Man was determined to have been about 30 years old when he died. Physical inspection indicated that although his body was in near-perfect preservation, he had been brutally murdered or sacrificed. His throat had been cut from behind so deeply that it nearly beheaded him. His skull was bludgeoned and his leg was broken. Grauballe mans body was among the earliest of objects dated by the newly invented radiocarbon dating method. After his discovery was announced, his body displayed in public and several photographs of him published in newspapers, a woman came forward and claimed that she recognized him as a peat worker she had known as a child who had disappeared on his way home from a local pub. Hair samples from the man returned conventional c14 dates between 2240-2245 RCYBP. Recent AMS radiocarbon dates (2008) returned calibrated ranges between 400-200 cal BC. Preservation Methods Initially, Grauballe man was investigated by Danish archaeologist Peter V. Glob at the National Museum of Denmark at Copenhagen. Bog bodies had been found in Denmark beginning in the first half of the 19th century. The most striking characteristic of bog bodies is their preservation, which can be close to or surpass the best of ancient mummification practices. Scientists and museum directors tried all sorts of techniques to maintain that preservation, beginning with air or oven drying. Glob had the Grauballe mans body treated to a process similar to tanning animal hides. The body was kept for 18 months in a mixture of 1/3 fresh oak, 2/3 oak bark plus a .2% of Toxinol as a disinfectant. Over that period, the concentration of Toxinol was increased and monitored. After the 18 months, the body was immersed in a bath of 10% Turkish-red oil in distilled water to avoid shrinkage. New bog body discoveries in the 21st century are kept in wet peat in refrigerated storage at 4 degrees celsius. What Scholars Have Learned Grauballe Mans stomach was removed at some point during the process, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations in 2008 discovered plant grains in the vicinity of where his stomach had been. Those grains are now interpreted as remnants of what likely was his last meal. The grains indicate that Grauballe man ate a type of gruel made from a combination of cereals and weeds, including rye (Secale cereale), knotweed (Polygonum lapathifolium), corn spurrey (Spergula arvensis), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and gold of pleasure (Camelina sativa). Post-Excavation Studies The Irish Nobel Prize-winning poet Seamus Heaney often wrote poems for and about bog bodies. The one he wrote in 1999 for Grauballe Man is quite evocative and one of my favorites. As if he had been poured / in tar, he lies / on a pillow of turf / and seems to weep. Be sure to read it yourself for free at the Poetry Foundation. The display of bog bodies has ethical issues discussed in many places in the scientific literature: Gail Hitchens article The Modern Afterlife of the Bog People published in the student archaeology journal The Posthole addresses some of these and discusses Heaney and other modern day artistic uses of bog bodies, specifically but not limited to Grauballe. Today Grauballe mans body is kept in a room at the Moesgaard Museum protected from light and temperature changes. A separate room lays out the details of his history and provides numerous CT-scanned images of his body parts; but Danish archaeologist Nina Nordstrà ¶m reports that the separate room keeping his body seems to her a calm and contemplative reburial. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to Bog Bodies and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Granite G. 2016. Understanding the death and burial of northern European bog bodies. In: Murray CA, editor. Diversity of Sacrifice: Form and Function of Sacrificial Practices in the Ancient World and Beyond. Albany: State University of New York Press. p 211-222.Hitchens G. 2009. The Modern Afterlife of the Bog People. The Post Hole 7:28-30.Karg S. 2012. Oil-rich seeds from prehistoric contexts in southern Scandinavia: Reflections on archaeobotanical records of flax, hemp, gold of pleasure, and corn spurrey. Acta Paleobotanica 52(1):17-24.Lynnerup N. 2010. Medical Imaging of Mummies and Bog Bodies – A Mini-Review. Gerontology 56(5):441-448.Mannering U, Possnert G, Heinemeier J, and Gleba M. 2010. Dating Danish textiles and skins from bog finds by means of 14C AMS. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(2):261-268.Nordstrà ¶m N. 2016. The Immortals: Prehistoric individuals as ideological and therapeutic tools in our time. In: Williams H, and Giles M, editors. Archaeologists and t he Dead: Mortuary Archaeology in Contemporary Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 204-232. Stà ¸dkilde-Jà ¸rgensen H, Jacobsen NO, Warncke E, and Heinemeier J. 2008. The intestines of a more than 2000 years old peat-bog man: microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and 14C-dating. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(3):530-534.Villa C, and Lynnerup N. 2012. Hounsfield Units ranges in CT-scans of bog bodies and mummies. Anthropologischer Anzeiger 69(2):127-145.

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Union Law - Essay Example 1. Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TEFU). 2. Regulation (EU) No. 492/2011 of 05.04.2011. 3. Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 4. Council Regulations No 312/76 and 2434/92. 5. Article 38 (1) Directive No 2004/38/EC. 6. Directive 2004/38/EC of 29.04.2004 on the rights of citizens and their family members 7. Directive No 98/49/EC dt 29.06.1998 in regard to pension rights of workers and self-employed persons within the community.1 Article 45 of the TEFU along with secondary legislations and case law accord the fundamental rights for the EU citizens such as the right to seek job in another EU member state, right to get employed without a work permit, right to have residence therein for the purpose of employment and right to continue to stay in the member country after the employment has ceased and to be eligible for equal treatment with nationals of the member state in respect of employment rights, working conditions and other social and tax benefits. These ri ghts may vary for self-employed, students and retired or economically non-active persons. The rights are subject to public security, public policy, health grounds and employment restrictions in the public sector.2 The wording of â€Å"workers† related to free movement in Directive 2004/38/ EC is somewhat misleading since the Directive is aimed at according right of free movement to â€Å"EU† citizens in general though the directive makes a distinction between economically active and non-active citizens. Thus, Directive 2004/38/ EC is applicable to all EU citizens who move to another member state (host state) other than their home state of which they are nationals. Thus, the union citizens can reside in a home state for three months without any formalities other than holding of a passport or an identity card subject to a more favourable treatment available to job-seekers as per the case law of the European Court of Justice 3 viz Levin v Staatssecretaris van Justitie 4 a nd Brian Francis Collins vs Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 5 However, the terminology of â€Å"worker† is ideally continued in view of special regulations related to work under the directive besides the advantages available to citizens who have worked or have been self-employed along with their family members in acquiring permanent residence even before the completion of five years of residence in the host state by virtue of Commission Regulation (EEC) No.125/170 of 29.06.1970 which confers right to workers to remain in the territory of a Member State pursuant to having been employed in that State and Council Directive 75/34/EEC of 17.12. 1974 conferring rights to citizens in a member state in the capacity of self-employed people. Thus, a worker entitled to free movement within the Union should be a national of one of the EU member states or that of Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein enjoying certain privileges. The European Court of Justice has given a wide interpret ation of the term â€Å"worker† to include part-time work6, trainees 7and remuneration in kind adding that the person should be carrying out an effective and genuine work as directed by another, to be considered as a worker. Besides, the concept of freedom of movement should not be interpreted in a restrictive manner.8 Further, the ECJ has held that the job-seeking citizens should not be expelled if they show evidence of search of employment and chances of getting jobs. There

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 18

Research Paper Example Despite such determinations by the report, numerous other conspiracies arose to the fore following the shooting incidence thus portraying the primary effects of widespread speculations and alleged conspiracies about the incidence as portrayed in the discussion below. Doorley Helio, 241 explain that conspiracy theorists will always provide evidence in order to validate their claims. The conspiracy theorists in Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting used numerous evidences availed by preliminary media reports to back their rumors. The official reports as released by both the media and the official government reports released close to a year later revealed that the shooter identified as Adam Lanza acted alone and killed his mother before driving to the school where he killed six teachers and twenty pupils. Among the evidences the numerous conspirators use to support their theories included wrong photos, wrong identity of the shooter, weapons used and incorrect locations of the shoot out among other basic evidences peddled by the preliminary media reports. Apparently, after arriving at the scene of crime numerous local and internal media began delivering different reports. Each media institution strived to deliver its objective sand authoritative cov erage of the incident thus developing and fostering some of the conspiracies that surrounded the shooting incident. Just as was the case with the September 11 terrorist attack, conspiracy theorists gave varied viewpoints on the incidence. People began giving varied accounts and explanations of the incident. Among the conspiracies was the American involvement in the shooting. Such theories alleged that the government carried out the shooting with the view of heightening the discussion on gun control in the country (Stuart 1). Gun control policies are some of the most contentious issues in the United States. The high crime

Structures Used in The Sound and the Fury Essay -- Sound and the Fury

Structures Used in The Sound and the Fury In â€Å"Christian and Freudian Structures†, Carvel Collins points out some interesting systems used by Faulkner in The Sound and The Fury. Collins refers to the first system Faulkner uses as a Christian structure, which shows how all three Compson sons are in parallel with Christ. When discussing the Christian structure, Collins says that it is important for the reader to know that three of the four sections are set on Easter Sunday and the two days preceding it (71). First, he discusses the Quentin section because it dates back to a Thursday with the other sections being on Friday (Jason), Saturday (Benjy), and Sunday (fourth section). The Thursday in which the Quentin section takes place symbolizes Christ’s experience on Holy Thursday and some points of similarity are: 1) Quentin's’s Last Supper with Shreve, Gerald, and their companions in the picnic, in which they drink wine. (Wine in biblical terms symbolizes the blood of Christ.) 2) The â€Å"breaking of the bread† with the little Italian girl (bread=body of Christ). 3) Quentin’s tortured conversation with his father stands out in his memories which takes place on the same day of the week as the event of Christ crying out in anguish upon his father and 4) Quentin is captured and taken before a court, just as Christ was. Next in history was Good Friday which compares to the Jason section. One event that took place on Good Friday was â€Å"that disciple took her (Christ’s mother) into his own† (John 19). Christ’s mother was in association with her son, just like Mrs. Compson and Jason Jason was the only child in which she cared for. Jason’s name also seems to be significant because it was â€Å"used for ‘Jesus’ by Hellenized Jews†. One ... ...epresents the ego, â€Å"which Freud presents as a battleground between the urges of the id and the restraints of the super-ego; and Jason at that of the repressive super-ego† (73). Using these Freudian terms and characteristics, the three Compson sons merge into one with Benjamin representing the id, having only instinct and does not care about time. He goes to sleep at the end of his section. Then in the first sentence of the Quentin section, Quentin wakes up aware of the time (â€Å"ego first part of the personality to become aware of time†) (74). Works Cited Collins, Carvel â€Å"Christian and Freudian Structures.† Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Sound and The Fury. Ed. Michael H. Cowan. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1968. 71-74. Life Applications Bible for Students. The New King James Version. Illinois: Tyndale Publications, Inc., 1994.

Copy Paste!

Here now is my work from the question? â€Å"What will I become 5 or 10 years from now† it took me several weeks and I got a serious headache thinking about it well any way I came up with my own research about this, so far I managed to get some ideas and possibilities, I questioned some of my relatives and my family regarding my question somehow my efforts is worth trying for because I have earned a good answers through them.No one can predict his own future and no one exactly can tell what will be your life next 5 or 10 years from 2010, there’s a possibility that you will die or there’s a possibility that you will have your own family you just can’t tell. I hope my work help not just me but others as well. I always wanted to see what will be my life in the future, what will be my career and what will I become? As I reflected my childhood I have many dreams and aspirations that I would like to accomplish within next five or ten years to come.In five or ten years I can see myself having many of my goal accomplished, if not accomplished, I will be working on accomplishing those goals to fulfill my life. I know it’s not easy to know your life next five or ten years but I just can’t stop thinking about it whenever I think about it I always smile seeing the sky above showing that I achieve my goals and see my family proud of me. Ten years from now I see myself as a very successful person. I would be 25 years old have a job to help support my family while I attend college. I would live in a large house on a decent amount of property.I hope to be married or getting married in ten years. Then after I will have at least two kids and if I have more than oh well. I don't want just one, because then they will be alone and definitely would be spoiled. I would like to adopt a child, but if my husband doesn't then we won't. I will be a good mother and wife. My house will be fairly large with a inside pool and an outdoor pool. I will h ave nice brick tiled walkways leading to the barn, pastures, driveway, and pool. I will have nice landscaping around the house. A decent size pond behind the house where we could fish, swim and whatever else.

Confusing Preposition Pairs in English

Confusing  preposition pairs in English is one of the most common mistakes for ESL students. To help you avoid this mistake, review  some of the most commonly confused pairs of prepositions below.   In / Into The key difference between in and into is that in indicates a state of being, whereas into indicates motion. For example, into is often used to describe the movement of something from outdoors to indoors, such as in the sentence, I walked into the house.  By contrast,  in is used when a thing or person is stationary. For example, I found the book in the drawer. Examples Jack drove his car into the garage.My friend lives in that house.The teacher came quickly into the room and began the lesson.The dishes are in that cupboard.   On / Onto Similar to into and in, onto indicates motion where on does not. Onto normally indicates that something is placed onto something else. For example, I put the dishes onto the table when I set it. On shows that something already rests on a surface. For example, The picture is hanging on the wall.   Examples I carefully placed the picture onto the wall.He put the book onto the desk.You can find the dictionary on the table.Thats a beautiful picture on the wall. Among / Between Among and between are almost exactly the same in meaning. However, between is used when something is placed between two objects. Among, on the other hand, is used when something is placed among many objects. Examples Tom is between Mary and Helen in that picture.Youll find the letter among the papers on the table.Seattle is located between Vancouver, Canada, and Portland, Oregon.Alice is among friends this weekend. Beside / Besides Beside - without an s- means next to. For example, Tom is seated beside Alice. In contrast, Besides - with an s - states that something is in addition to something else. For example, Besides math, Peter is getting an A in history. Examples Hang your coat beside mine over there.There is so much work to do besides the normal tasks.Come sit down beside me.Besides potatoes, we need some milk.

Essay Gender Roles in Childrens Literature - 1876 Words

| | |Gender Roles in Children’s Literature | | | |Kate Moore | |11/22/2010 | â€Å"Everything we read constructs us, makes us who we are, by presenting our image of ourselves as girls and women, as boys and men† – M. Fox It is a well†¦show more content†¦The way, in which gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature, significantly contributes to the development of children’s gender roles and how they are perceived by society. It is important to teach children about gender roles since it is something that society holds in regards, but most of the time in literature it is done unequally. The portrayal of gender in literature is based off of the expectations of society and places bias on gender. Boys are portrayed as strong, adventurous, independent and capable and often play the roles of fighters, adventurers and rescuers. Girls are portrayed as sweet, naà ¯ve, dependent, sensitive and emotional and play roles such as caretakers, princesses and mothers. The roles of gender portrayed in literature are often a reflection of the views of society and do not offer objective insight. Even though it is important to teach children about gender roles, the fashion in which it is done in does not allow children to see beyond those expectations. If a young girl is constantly read stories about a woman’s role as a housewife, homemaker and mother, she will assume that’s what is expected of her and wi ll not know society will allow her to be anything she wants to be. Gender roles in children’s literature are linked to gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes have always been a part of society and are seen in almost every aspectShow MoreRelatedGender Roles in Childrens Literature2226 Words   |  9 PagesGender Bias in Literature Men Fix ThingsÂ…Girls Have Dolls -Shirley B. Ernst I have thought about many different ways to organize this paper and have come to the conclusion that the best way to approach the topic is on a book-by-book basis. 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Books have the power to alter a child’s life and influence their thoughts and decisions as they grow. It affects a child’s perspective on society and how they fit into it (Hunt, 1998). Literature has significantly changed over time because it tends to reflect theRead MoreGender Roles : Gender Role Play Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesGender role play is the concept of young children partaking in a form of play that already sets them within a specific gender role, for example, a girl pretending to be a mother or a girl partaking in a â€Å"pink-collar† job such a s nursing, teaching etc. This form of play can be seen within make-believe play. 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Inner Dimension Of Leadership Ethics - 874 Words

By exposing what s underneath of a genuine leader, or look underneath his or her identity, and you ll discover character. The attributes and values that make up the character of a decent leader are, generally, like those that make up the character of an extraordinary citizen. (Cooper, Sarros, Santora, 2007). This paper address the inner dimension of leadership ethics by describing the traits and values that make up the character of leadership. In addition to, examining how certain elements of character attributes, casts light or darkness on ethical decision-making specifically for extremis leaders in high-risk situations. Lastly, describing how by building the proponents of virtue, and ethical character, we increase our ability to fend off the adversary who shows our shadow sides (Johnson, 2015, p. 78) Philippians 4:8 says: Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things (Bible Gateway, 2016). From the setting, this verse is about personal conflict(s) in the church. Each of the commands Paul writes relate to resolving such problems. Paul, being such an important biblical figure expresses that leadership is more than a memorized menu of social graces, personality traits and organizational techniques (Rice, 2016). 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The Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypertension Free Essays

string(72) " treatment of high blood pressure are thiazides \(Bullock et al 2007\)\." Abstract An academic edit of an essay concerned with the physiology and pharmacology of hypertension. The ‘flow’ and sense have been improved, references added where necessary, and the style amended to an appropriate academic one. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypertension or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction The following essay looks at the physiology and pharmacology of hypertension. First, the nature of the condition is examined, together with risk factors and current statistics on its occurrence. Next, the possible ways of treating the condition, particularly through drugs, is considered. 2. Hypertension: its Physiology and other Aspects The definition of hypertension has attracted controversy over the last 50 years or so, but is currently generally seen as blood pressure which is over 140 over 90mmHg (Gotto and Toth 2006). This can be translated as the heart beating pressure or systolic pressure being 140 mmHg and the relaxing pressure or Diastolic pressure at 90mmHg. Blood pressure can vary considerably from person to person (Brubaker et al 2002). There is a concern to reduce high blood pressure, as it has been associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and other serious conditions (Edlin and Golanty 2009).In terms of diagnosis, this is done over several readings at a given period, and these must be give regular high readings to confirm that there is a problem. These readings should be taken during and after normal activities, and also when relaxing (Bricker et al 1994). The cause of high blood pressure in most cases is unknown, but it is widely thought that the pressure in the arteries depends on how hard the heart pumps blood and how much resistance there is in the arteries. A slight narrowing of the arteries will increase the resistance of blood flow. Many factors will contribute to this occurrence (Sherwood 2012). Whatever the cause or causes might be, the condition is common: in the UK well over half the people aged 65 or over suffer from high blood pressure, and 25% of those in middle age (Woods and Clare 2008). High blood pressure is particularly common in the following groups: People with diabetes (type 1 and type two) People of Afro-Caribbean descent People from the Indian subcontinent Those with a family history of high blood pressure Heavy smokers Heavy drinkers People who consume a lot of salt The overweight People with a high caffeine and alcohol intake People who consumer Insufficient fruits and vegetables or do not take enough exercise (Patient.co.uk [online] 2012) High blood pressure is not always apparent to the sufferer. It might be years before the condition is discovered, and by then a considerable amount of damage may already have been done. Therefore, regular checks are important, to ensure that any excess strain on the arteries is detected and risk reduced (Rhoden and Schein 2010). At some point, most people develop atherosclerosis, so the aim is to slow it down and halt any acceleration.While a number of causes associated with high blood pressure cannot be altered, including: Family history Heart disease or strokes before 55 Being Male Early Menopause in females Ageing Ethnicity (Condon 2004) For people falling into these categories, there is extra reason to take extra precautions and deal with any lifestyle risk associated with high blood pressure. By doing so, the development of hypertension can be slowed down considerably reducing the chances of cardiovascular disease in the future (Edlin and Golanty 2009). Estimates show that a reduced diastolic blood pressure by 6mmHg can reduce the risk of having a stroke in the future by 35-40% and heart attacks by 20-25% (Warrell et al 2003). The higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk. However, there are several treatments and therapies to help reduce high blood pressure. Lifestyle changes including weight loss, increased physical activity, change of diet cutting down on alcohol intake, less smoking, low salt and caffeine consumption can all help (Kaplan et al 2002). If lifestyle changes are not effective, medication can help. 3. Medical Treatment of High Blood Pressure There are several classes of medicines used in the treatment of lowering blood pressure, and each class contains many different drugs. For the purpose of this essay l will use a couple of examples in each section, to give a picture of what is currently available on the market, which are in use, and the available research about them, class by class. It should be noted that all drug therapies normally have side effects. Calcium-channel blockers, for example can sometimes cause dizziness, swollen ankles, facial flushing and constipation (Ascheim and Ascheim 2009). 3.1 Calcium-Channel Blockers Calcium-Channel blockers include the drugs amlodipine and felodipine, which are also used in the treatment of angina (Hughes and Hughes 2001). They act through selective inhibitors of calcium influx through the cell membrane or on the release and binding of calcium in the cells (Frishman and Sica 2011). They are also referred to as inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation (Raffa 2004). They are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms as myocardial protective agents, and for the relaxation of uterine spasms (McKenzie and Porter 2011). Amlodipine and Valsartan is a drug of this class, a single–pill combination which is used in hypertension management in the US. Valsartan is an Angiotensin II receptor blocker (Alexander 2008). The combination pill is used in the management of patients with mild to moderate blood pressure over trials of 8-16 weeks. Results showed the combination therapy is more effective than the monotherapy of amlodipine and Valsartan solely (Sureshkumar 2008). This combination pill is more acceptable, and also works well for the many who will need more than one drug to help th em reach their target of lowering their blood pressure. 3.2 Diuretics Diuretics, or water tablets, work by promoting the excretion of salt and fluid through the urine. This brings about reduced circulation of fluid and a reduction in blood pressure. The blood vessels within the circulatory system relax, which has an effect on blood pressure. The most commonly used diuretic in the United Kingdom, for the treatment of high blood pressure are thiazides (Bullock et al 2007). You read "The Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypertension" in category "Essay examples" Examples of this class are bendroflumethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide. A low dose of these is often prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure, with the proviso that blood and kidney tests are advisable before treatment is started, with follow up tests at 4-6 weeks to check potassium levels, then an annual blood test is normal (Rubin 2007). Diuretics have a number of side effects, including gout in a small number of users, and impotence in others (Souhami and Moxham 2002). These drugs are also often used in combination. Combining them with other drugs is often preferred, as it allows a more rapid and intensive control of high blood pressure, for example the combination of a diuretic and an Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and thiazides. Zofenpril, for example, is a strong ACE inhibitor and the combination of Hydrochlorothiazide given to patients with acute myocardial infarction over long term improves the risk of major cardiovascular disease (Khan 2005). The fixed combination of Zofenpril and Hydrochlorothiades (HCTZ), 30/12.5mg/ day has been approved for mild to moderate management in several Europeans countries (Borghi and Cicero 2006). 3.3 Beta Blockers Beta blockers come in various brands and types, typical examples being are propranolol and atenolol. They work by slowing the heart rate and reducing the force of the heart. They are also used are used to treat angina and some other conditions. They are not recommended for asthma sufferers, and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Arcangelo and Peterson 2006). They do have some side effects, including cold feet and hands, poor sleep and tiredness. Propranolol is also used in the treatment of Haemangioma related high blood pressure. Haemangioma is , a vascular swelling forming a tumour- like mass which forms anywhere in the body (Stedman 2002), and has shown to be effective for this in a study of 39 children, where Propranolol therapy showed a reduction of haemangioma within 2 days to 2 weeks.. Propranolol therapy has been proved more effective for infantile head and neck haemangioma, provided it is given to the patient early, when it first appears (Stedman 2002), and more patients are now being treated with propranolol therapy rather than corticosteroid therapy, although the best dosage and age when to stop treatment is still under discussion. 3.3 Angio Tensin Receptor Blockers These are known as receptor antagonists drugs. The brands available include Candesartan and Eprosartan. All work by blocking the Angiotensin 11 on the walls of the blood vessel, and hence reduce the amount of this substance in the bloodstream. They are similar to the ACE inhibitors (Moini 2004). The chemical effect narrows the blood vessels forcing it to relax and widen which reducing the blood vessel in the process. The most popular of these are captopril and Cilazapril, however these are contra-indicated where the patient has underlying kidney problems. Captopril was first discovered in 1898, however it was only used for treating high blood pressure fairly recently. An ACE inhibitor is beneficial to patients with heart failure and diabetes (Johnson and Morgan 2000) 4. Conclusion While the mechanisms whereby high blood pressure is caused are not fully understood, it is associated with a number of hereditary conditions as well as lifestyle factors. If moderating consumption of salt, alcohol and other changes to lifestyle are ineffective in bringing down blood pressure, a variety of medical approaches are possible. The exact type of treatment suitable for individual patients depends on a number of factors including medical history, ethnic origin and age.The UK guidelines set out suitable treatments for various classes of patients. However it should be remembered that individuals vary a great deal in regards to blood pressure; occasionally treatment does not work and may have side effects too, in such cases switching to a different class of medication is recommended. Generally, high blood pressure treatment is for life, but some individuals may respond so well that treatment could stop after three or so years. 5. References Alexander, I (2008) PDR Nurse’s Drug Handbook, Physicians Desk Reference Inc, USA Ascheim, D and Ascheim, R (2009) Heart Health Your Questions Answered, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, UK Borghi, C and Cicero, A F G (2006) ‘Fixed combination of zofenopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension: a review of available data’, Vasc Health Risk Manag, 2:4, 341–349. Bricker, S L and Langlais, R P (1994) Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, and Treatment Planning (2nd edn), PMPH-USA, USA Brubaker, P H, Kaminsky, L A and Whaley, M H (2002) Coronary artery disease: essentials of prevention and rehabilitation program, Human Kinetics, Illinois Bullock, S, Galbraith, A, Manias, E, Hunt, B and Richards, A (2007) Fundamentals of pharmacology: an applied approach for nursing and health (2nd edn.), Pearson Education, Harlow Essex Condon, M C (2010) Women’s health: body, mind, spirit : an integrated approach to wellness and illness, Prentice Hall, USA Edlin, G and Golanty, E (2009) Health and Wellness, Jones Bartlett Learning, USA Frishman, W H and Sica, D A (2011) Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics (3rd edn.), Cardiotext Publishing, USA Gotto, A M and Toth, P P (2006) Comprehensive management of high risk cardiovascular patients, CRC Press, NY Hughes, W and Hughes, J (2001) Clinical Pharmacy (2nd edn), Macmillan Education AU, Australia Johnson, M and Morgan, R (2000) Pharmacology for podiatrists, John Wiley Sons, USA Kaplan, N M, Lieberman, E and Neal, W (2002) Kaplan’s clinical hypertension (8th edn), Lippincott Williams Wilkins, USA Khan, M I G (2005) Encyclopedia of heart diseases, Academic Press, Burlington MA McKenzie, G (2011) Clinical Companion: Medical-Surgical Nursing (2nd edn.), Elsevier Australia, Australia Moini, J (2004) The pharmacy technician: a comprehensive approach, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA Patient.co.uk (2012) ‘High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)’, [online] (cited 11th March 2012) available from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/High-Blood-Pressure-%28Hypertension%29.htm Patient.co.uk (2012) ‘Medication for high blood pressure’, [online] (cited 10th March 2012) available from http://www.patients.co.uk/health/Medication -for-High-Blood-Pressure.htm Peterson, A M and Arcangelo, V P (2006) Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: a practical approach (2nd edn) , Lippincott Williams Wilkins, USA Raffa, R B (2004) Quick Look: Pharmacology, Hayes Barton Press, USA Rhoden, C A and Wiley, S (2010) Bringing Down High Blood Pressure, Government Institutes, USA Rubin, A L (2007) High Blood Pressure for Dummies (2nd edn.), John Wiley Sons, USA Sherwood, L (2012) Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (8th edn.), Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA Souhami, R L and Moxham, J (2002) Textbook of medicine (4th edn.), Elsevier Health Sciences, UK, USA Sureshkumar, K K (2008) ‘Renin inhibition with aliskiren in hypertension: focus on aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy’ Vasc Health Risk Management, 4:6, 1205–1220 Warrell, D A, Cox, T M and Firth, J D (2003) Oxford textbook of medicine (4th edn), Oxford University Press, Oxon. Woods, B and Clare, L (2008) Handbook of the clinical psychology of ageing (2nd edn.), John Wiley Sons, USA How to cite The Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypertension, Essay examples

Tools for Business Advancement Samples for Students - Myassignment

Questions: 1.What is Strategy? 2.Business Model Innovation. Answers: 1.Strategy Strategy is a very important tool for making business advancements in the real organizations. A good competitive strategy helps the organizations to keep a better position in the market and it helps to sustain the position for a long-term time span. There are some critical tools that lead in making a perfect strategy. These things include providing the products at a low cost to its customers and always move fast in the sector that it concerns. The organizations should also approach its customers with a global strategy. They should their customers with all sorts of best services available so that their customer service remains beyond the reach of their rival companies. The service providers should use some tactics so that they can reach their customers easily and they should set their goals as to whom they should capture the market. There are some other factors that are responsible for building a good strategy that is to realize the uniqueness in the approach to the market, utilizing the important capabilities, the art of sustaining those capabilities to preserve it for further development achieving the goals. The capabilities should be recognized first so that it would be easier for the organizations to assess the rivals movements and take appropriate actions according to that. The target markets have to be segmented properly to achieve better results. Another significant thing is that companies should eye on mass production to get a positive impact on the customers minds. These strategies have to be implemented properly to get the desired outcomes. Nine Network or Channel Nine is a very reputed firm in media communications in Australia which is the most prominent organization in the media sector there (Nine.com.au 2017) There are other media organizations in the country as well. Nine Networks is responsible for most important telecasts in the fields of news, sports, entertainment and others. There are some factors responsible for being successful in the field of media competition. The competitive market in the media organizations is so major nowadays that one needs to put the best effort by adopting perfect strategies so that they can achieve best results (Agha, Alrubaiee, and Jamhour 2012). They have to set their goals and objectives as in which segments of the society they want to reach. They have to select a proper target market and must use some tactics to reach their targets. The channel has become the home for leading sports events in the country so people are happy to subscribe to the channel and their unique value is su stained thus by reaching to the selected segments of the society (Florea, Cheung and Herndon 2013). The media organization has to take up a global strategy so that they can reach the larger parts of the global market (De Loecker and Goldberg 2014) .They must also take up relevant tactics so that they can sustain their progress. Besides, they should appeal to the mass market to spread their business worldwide and they must eye on developing their customer service for their further enhancements. 2.Business Model Innovation Business model innovation is an integral part of business marketing that helps the marketers to keep updated with the recent changes in the sector and it should cater to the betterment of the organizations (Massa and Tucci 2013). The recent trends show that the marketing criteria have changed in the recent years with the innovation of modern technologies. Modern technologies have, therefore, catered to the drastic changing in the market that can be measured on a global perspective only. The recent technologies have gone through a dramatic change so that the scenario is all about how the companies provide their services all around the world. A business model innovation will probably present an organization with some possible requirements for change. There are some major features of the business models like the Identity or the way the business wants to represent itself to its customer base. Secondly, Core resources have to be highlighted that include the core competencies, strategic pa rtners and the business processes. Thirdly, Target markets is the point that includes the target segmentations of the company or the group of people it wants to deal with (Solomon 2014). Fourthly, Channel strategy is the point that highlights the channel through reaching the customers. Fifthly, Customer offers is the thing that stresses on providing the customers with best possible offers according to their needs. Sixthly, Supply Chain Strategy determines the ways for delivering of the products to the customers at an affordable rate (Roh, Hong and Min 2014). The business innovation model has left impacts on the chosen organization. Like all other organizations, it is bound to leave impacts on Nine Networks too. Nine Networks has been a very reputable media organization that has delivered its services to the inhabitants of the country for a long time now. The business model innovation has led to their building of a completely digitalized infrastructure to reach their customers. They have introduced the new HD channels for the new generation watchers so that they can enjoy the benefits of technology through the high definition television channels (Bennett and Segerberg 2013). In this fast paced world, most people are dependent on digitalized connective system. The people should be provided with proper medium so that they can keep track with the most recent updates. Therefore, it is only fair for the organization to develop an application through software that the customers can download and access them on move. Thus, the channel strategy ca n be properly implemented. The customers should be given affordable offers and the customers should be able to avail the offers. The channel should show live telecast of important events and they should not be charged with any extra money for that. They can also open online portals from which the customers can download their favorite programs and watch it whenever they want. The organization can employ clever tactics to eliminate their rivals from gaining the telecast copyrights and they can also make partnerships with some big names in the industry to get financial advices and help in times of need. Thus, the selected organization can use the business innovation models. References Agha, S., Alrubaiee, L. and Jamhour, M., 2012. Effect of core competence on competitive advantage and organizational performance.International Journal of Business and Management,7(1), p.192 Bennett, W.L. and Segerberg, A., 2013.The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Cambridge University Press. De Loecker, J. and Goldberg, P.K., 2014. Firm performance in a global market.Annu. Rev. Econ.,6(1), pp.201-227. Florea, L., Cheung, Y.H. and Herndon, N.C., 2013. For all good reasons: Role of values in organizational sustainability.Journal of Business Ethics,114(3), pp.393-408. Massa, L. and Tucci, C.L., 2013. Business model innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovafion Management, pp.420-441. Nine.com.au. (2017). nine.com.au the new ninemsn - News, Sport, TV, Entertainment, Lifestyle. [online] Available at: https://www.nine.com.au/ [Accessed 22 Apr. 2017]. Roh, J., Hong, P. and Min, H., 2014. Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms.International Journal of Production Economics,147, pp.198-210. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.