Political Economy Theory Essay

The political economy in mass media theory argues that â€Å"the structure of the industry influences content.† _(Andrejevic M, 2007)._ This theory will be demonstrated by analysing an article entitled _'†Sky’s the limit† for MySpace’_, published on _News.com.au_ on August 10th 2007. The presumption of the theory is that media content is influenced by a combination of the media owners (individuals or corporations), advertisers, competitors/other media, government regulations and viewers or readers. In the case of media ownership, â€Å"Private individuals decide what information should be provided to the public based on what earns them the most money.† _(Andrejevic M, 2007)_ The _News.com.au_ article on _MySpace_ appears in the National News section and describes the firm grasp and incredible influence the social networking site, established in 2003, has on the internet and throughout the business world. The article is saturated with references to the innovations and stunning success of _MySpace_. For example the opening sentence reads â€Å"Social networking website _MySpace_ has more than 115 million members around the world and already plays a key role in launching music careers, political campaigns and the way people communicate in general.† _(Gadd M, 2007)_ At this point a discerning reader should recall that _News Corp_ bought _MySpace_ from its co founders Tom Anderson and Chris DeWolfe in July 2005. _(Malick O, 2006)_ The propaganda model developed by Edwards S Herman and Noam Chomsky asserts that information presented to the general public via mainstream media outlets will be biased in relation to the interests of the multinational organisations or media conglomerates that own them. _(Herman & Chomsky, 1988)_ By publishing an article promoting the dominant discourse that _MySpace_ is a popular, thriving production with unlimited potential, _News Limited_ are encouraging awareness of the website, which in turn provides it with traffic and publicity. Since _News Corp_ owns _MySpace_ and is a holding company for _News Limited_, this is a chief example of the  propaganda model and reinforces the political economy theory that media content is affected by media owners. The positive language used in the article demonstrates the power of linguistic controls in promoting a discourse. The writers of the article use phrases such as â€Å"it’s just the tip of the ice berg† _(Gadd M, 2007)_ to imply there is a wealth of possibilities for _MySpace_ to accomplish. The website is described as â€Å"a platform for individuals to express themselves and socialise.† _(Gadd M, 2007)_ This quote is relevant to today’s society as ideas of non-conformity, individuality and creativity are attractive to today’s youth. Of all the quotes available from the interviews with the co founders, there is a deliberate choice on behalf of _News.com.au_ to feature words such as ’emerging’, ‘prominent’, ‘innovate’, and ‘evolve’ that connote ideas of positive change and progression. This gives the impression that _MySpace_ is at the forefront of the online social networking phenomenon with millions of individuals flocking to be involved. These terms are deliberately chosen by _News Limited_ to appeal to advertisers who wish for their products to be seen and purchased by the â€Å"trend-setters† in society, and this will consequently benefit its parent, _News Corp_. The article also suggests the potential power MySpace has for advertisers in the future. â€Å"Mr DeWolfe said mobile advertising would be a lucrative fund source and video would take a more prominent place in the way people communicated and shared their art.† _(Gadd M, 2007)_ It should be noted that _News Corp.,_ along with other media conglomerates, is ultimately a commercial organisation. By using _News Limited_’s article to draw attention to the incredible infiltration ratio of _MySpace_ (four million unique accounts in Australia, and 50% of all internet users in America) _News Corp_ is securing advertisers’ interest in _MySpace_. The statement by Walt Disney Corporation CEO, Michael Eisner, is particularly powerful in demonstrating the reality of what drives media conglomerates: â€Å"We have no obligation to make history. We have no obligation to make art. We have no obligation to make a statement. To make money is our only objective.† _(Andrejevic M , 2007)_ Newspapers, TV networks and magazines rely on advertisers to finance their business, so to encourage advertisers to buy space in their publication they commodify and promote their audiences. According to Dallas Smythe â€Å"audiences are bought by advertisers on the basis on income, age, sex, ethnic and class specifications.† _(Stevenson N, 2002:10-11)_ Rupert Murdoch outlined his plans for the future of _MySpace_ in a 2006 interview at the Citigroup Entertainment, Media and Telecommunications Conference. He revealed that an instant messenger client with voice capabilities, increased worldwide penetration, and free video downloads were in the works. (The free video downloads have been successfully incorporated into the website since the interview.) Following this, Mr Murdoch said â€Å"We’ve got the biggest mass of unsold inventory. We have the third most page views of the Internet in America,† and explained that _News Corp_ had met with advertising networks to â€Å"judge whether they can sell it better than we can.† _(Burns E, 2006)_ In conclusion, the political economy theory, which highlights the a link between â€Å"ownership and †¦ content of media production† _(Stevenson N, 2002: 41)_, can be applied to the _News.com.au_ article about _MySpace_ to reveal how much ownership, among other things, can affect the information the public receives from mass media outlets. As demonstrated in the way that _News Limited_ portrayed _MySpace_ in a positive light for the economic benefit of its parent firm _News Corp,_ it is important for audiences to be aware of the political economy theory, and to detect not only bias but the possible reasons behind such bias in media texts they consume. BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrejevic M (2007) _The Mass Media: A Political Economic Approach._ Lecture slides for JOUR2211 Week 2. Available from https://my.uq.edu.au/blackboard_frame.html Accessed on 12/08/07 Burns E (2006) _Murdoch discusses future of MySpace.com._ Available from Accessed on 10/08/07 Gadd M (2007) _’Sky’s the limit’ for MySpace._ Available from Accessed on 10/08/07 Herman E S and Chomsky, Noam. (1988) _Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media_. New York: Pantheon Books Malick O (2006) _Why Murdoch Really Bought MySpace._ Available Accessed on 11/02/03 McQuail D (2002) _McQuails Reader in Mass Communication Theory._ Sage publications. Stevenson N (2002) Understanding Media Cultures: Social Theory and Mass Communication. Sage publications. pp10-11

Importance of Poetry Essay

â€Å"Poetry may make us from time to time a little more aware of the deeper, unnamed feelings which form the substratum of our being, to which we rarely penetrate; for our lives is mostly a constant evasion of ourselves. † ‘ T. S. Eliot. Poetry, just as in other literature contributes a major role in the development of many aspects of life. The utilization of poets and poetry can serve for many different positive purposes and effects on society. Thus, poetry is important to each of us. A person is constantly involved in thinking a variety of things. Through poetry, one can lend voice to one’s thoughts, feelings and beliefs. Often, poetry is the resultant of misunderstandings that a person often undergoes. The anger, frustration and agony are revealed through penning down the different expressions one feels at that moment. Poetry allows you to visualize things from the eyes of the writer, thus marking the importance of writing poetry. Ever Merrian sharing the same thought has said â€Å"Pick it up with your fingers and lick, the juice that may run down your chin† in his poem â€Å"How To Eat a Poem. † He compares a poem to a fruit and the emotions behind it as its juice. Poetry has been in existence since ages. Poems from the ancient historical eras give us a glimpse of the previous generations, right from depicting historical events to the primeval lifestyles. The thoughts and feelings of the oldies are depicted to us. What was considered beautiful, important or even profound, is clearly stated to us through those poems. Just as Maya Angelou has evidently expressed the same in her poem â€Å"I rise†, â€Å"You may write me down in history with your bitter, twisted lies, You may trod me in the very dirt but still, like dust, I’ll rise. † Therefore, poetry is an imperative section of literature that holds great importance in our lives, and cannot be eliminated or replaced. Succinctly, the importance of poetry is best revealed through a John Keats quote which states, â€Å"Poetry should†¦ should strike the reader as a wording of his own highest thoughts, and appear almost a remembrance. †

Project monitoring nd control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Project monitoring nd control - Essay Example Project control t the senior mngement level consists of evluting nd responding to forml Project Sttus Reports prepred by the project tem. These reports detil the overll progress of the project with specil ttention pid to production delys or budget overruns tht might jeoprdize contrctul greements. The reports ssist senior mngement in determining when expenditures on prticulr project re no longer profitble nd should be terminted. Depending on the level of mngement control, sttus reports my prompt senior mngers to provide dditionl funding, direction, or clrifiction to the project tem. In contrst, project control t the opertionl level is driven by need to determine how successful the tem hs been in chieving specific plnned objectives nd by need to ssist in the coordintion of complex nd interrelted ctions. The project tem monitors the progress of ech ctivity, tking corrective ction when ctivities re shown to be delyed or drifting (Spinner, 1992). Knutson nd Bitz (1991) list five stges of the opertionl project control process: Time, cost, nd performnce form the bsis for the operting chrcteristics of project. These fctors help to determine the bsis for project control. Project control is the process of reducing the devition between ctul performnce nd plnned performnce. Mesurements re tken on ech of the three project constrints of time, performnce, nd cost. Cost Control. Cost Control. Tking the process one step further, cost control reports compre scheduled expenditures to ctul expenditures. The purpose of these reports, which re usully prepred by finncil plnners, is to identify or predict possible cost overruns. If cost overrun is likely, request for dditionl funds should be forwrded to senior mngement s soon s possible. If dditionl funding cn not be obtined quickly, nd the overrun is beyond the project's finncil tolernce, no further finncil commitments should be mde pending complete project cost nlysis. lthough this lck of finncil commitment my seem somewht hrsh, it is the best course of ction since it prevents the project from going bnkrupt, which would mke completion impossible (Spinner, 1992). There re certin techniques tht cn ssist mngers in controlling nd monitoring the project. To mny mngers, the costs ssocited with project my be considered more importnt thn the schedule; t minimum, senior mngement will require timely cost sttus reports. During the plnning stge, this will tke the form of developing project cost estimtes for inclusion in the initil project budget. Once the project hs begun, this informtion my be forwrded s prt of cost schedule or cost control reports. If the tem is considering ccelerting or "crshing" the project, the tem my develop cost minimizing reports (Spinner, 1992). Cost control hs received extensive coverge in the literture. Numerous ccounting nd reporting systems hve been developed over the yers for project cost monitoring nd control. Some of the strtegies suitble for controlling project cost include: Reducing lbor costs Using competitive

Zara Case report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Zara Case report - Essay Example Porter’s Five Force analysis emphasizes that market trends of apparel and fashion industry are comparable to certain other industries and going to be more challenging in near future. The report critically explains the supply chain research as one of the strongest point of Zara; because it’s flexible structure entertains the primary activities to be executed smoothly. Primary supporting activities like human resource management, procurement, and research and development departments play a key role in formulating business and corporate level strategies. This case study highlights that Zara’s success is based on its low cost and product differentiation strategy. It further suggests that hybrid strategy could be more effectual for the company as it reduces the production cost of high quality products. The report also explains the two sad incidents which took place in recent years and have left a negative mark on the reputation of Zara. At the end of the case study, f ew suggestions are briefly presented for the further growth or expansion of the company. The reports also elaborates few techniques i.e. how to implement the internationalization strategy of Zara. In the context of Zara’s global expansion, few steps of corporate level strategy are discussed. By adopting these techniques, Zara can make maximize its speedy growth with respect to different regions. Table of Contents Contents Page No EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02 1. INTRODUCTION 05 Question – 1: MACRO LEVEL ANALYSIS 06 2.1 PESTEL Analysis 06 2.1.1 Political Factors 06 2.1.2 Economic Factors 06 2.1.3 Social Factors 07 2.1.4 Technological Factors 08 2.1.5 Environmental Factors 08 2.1.6 Legal Factors 08 2.2 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 08 2.2.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate 09 2.2.2 Bargaining Power of Consumers: Moderate 09 2.2.3 Competition among Existing Rivals: High 09 2.2.4 Threat of New Entrants: Low 10 2.2.5 Threat of Substitutes: Low 10 Question – 2: ZARA VAL UE CHAIN 11 3.1 Primary Activities 11 3.1.1 Design 11 3.1.2 Production 12 3.1.3 Logistics 12 3.1.4 Marketing 12 3.1.5 Store Operations 12 3.2 Supporting Activities 12 3.2.1 Company infrastructure 12 3.2.2 Human Resource Management 13 3.2.3 Technology / Research and Development 13 3.2.4 Procurement 14 3.2.5 Cost Factor 14 Question – 3: ANALYSIS OF PR CRISIS 15 4.1 Sweatshops 15 4.2 Shop-staff Abused 16 Question – 4: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 17 5.1 Zara Business Strategies 17 5.1.1 Low Cost Strategy 17 5.1.2 Product Differentiation Strategy 18 5.2 Zara Corporate Strategy 18 5.2.1 Market Growth 18 5.2.2 Diversification 19 5.2.3 Vertical Integration 19 5.2.4 Product and Market Development 19 5.3 Recommendations for Future Strategies 20 5.3.1 Hybrid Strategy 20 5.3.2 Growth Strategy 20 5.3.3 Online Retailing 21 5.4 Techniques to Implement Recommended 21 Strategies 5.4.1 Owned Subsidiary 21 5.4.2 Joint Venture 22 5.4.3 Franchising 22 CONCLUSION 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 1. INTRODUCTION Z ara is one of the leading apparel and fashion retail companies which is based at Artexio, Galicia in Spain. It was established in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Roselia Mera. The company is characterized by its massive infrastructure (almost 1750 stores in more than 90 countries) and flexible internal environment. Zara is beautifully decorated with vertical integration system within the organization which is helpful in designing, manufacturing, transportation, and distribution of the products to the markets. The system has enabled the company to be less dependent on

Asian American women study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asian American women study - Essay Example These racial and gender complexities served to define what became of Asian American women who moved to the united states in the pre-1965 period. It is worth noting that it was not easy for Asian women to move into the United States even when they wanted to. The exclusion and restriction principles saw many women barred from gaining entry into the United States despite their husbands working in America. The application of the restriction law only contributed to the formulation of multiple barriers that served to prohibit Asian women from joining their husbands in the United States (Espiritu 45). For example, the proportion of Chinese women in comparison to men was very low, placing emphasis on the level on the gender constraint placed on women who expressed interest of immigration into the United States (Chan 117) Evidently, Asian women faced the detrimental effects of the American immigration policy compelling some of them to file lawsuits. In many of these litigation cases, they los t and had to give up the prospect of being able to unite with their husbands and sometimes their children who accessed immigration permits easily. The restrictive immigration policy had detrimental effects on Asian women who have a primary responsibility in ensuring that the family unit remained closely knit (Chan 119). In Asian culture, the family unit is the fundamental unit defining a society, and women had a major responsibility in making it successful. Moreover, Asian women who successfully immigrated into the United States only managed because of the profiles of their husbands, and not solely on the women as individuals (Scott 1056). The wives of laborers were not preferred immigration candidates and their immigration requests were usually rejected. Asian American women who fled to the United States during the Vietnamese war faced multiple challenges. Most of them resided in refugee camps and proper resettlement only depended on sheer luck to acquire willing sponsors who would help them resettle into the news culture and environment. Accounts from many of these women reveal that the new cultural set up and language barriers were some of the hardships they faced. Culture is an important aspect of identity in Asia, and many of the immigrants exhibited the willingness to foster their culture despite the overwhelming mainstream culture. Most of the women faced the challenge of fending for their families in America (Chan 125). The surging compulsion of securing a job in a foreign country was not easy, but most of the women who found themselves the heads of their families stood up for the challenge. Moreover, bring up children with Asian values was not easy since most of the children schooled in highly integrated institutions. The need for the Asian families to experience a cultural wellbeing and familiarity saw many of the families cluster in California, where the weather was favorable, and many Asian immigrants had settled. Although many Asian American women resettled and focused on rebuilding their lives in the United States, the stereotypes attached to people of Asian descent served as glass and bamboo ceilings, forming a complexity of barriers that served to prevent most of the Asian Americans from complete integration into the American society. English, as a second language proved difficult for many Asians to learn, and prevented many of the

Theory of knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Theory of knowledge - Essay Example The source of human knowledge have been attempted to be explained by philosophers. Due to this, there are two ways that have been used to explain the source of human knowledge in that on one side, rationalism explains that human knowledge is based on rationality or reason while on the other hand, empiricism states that human knowledge is based on experience or posteriori knowledge Many people have argued that human knowledge originate from experience but It is more sensible to argue that neither side can be neglected instead what need to be done is that both schools of thought that explain the source of human knowledge should be combined so that it makes more sense. Hence this can be classified as justified true belief. Knowledge is basically a belief or convection that someone has in something or a thing. However, knowledge can be enhanced by a combination of reason and experience. Plato Plato argued that in order to demarcate the difference between knowledge and opinion must be rea sonably or rationally justified. It is from this view that Plato stresses that knowledge is innate. This is because from his dialogues with Socrates, Plato presents the perception that soul existed before birth with the structure of perfect knowledge and good of everything. Therefore, when something is learned, it can be recalled. According to his argument, he made clear distinction between knowledge and mere opinion which he said is not certain. In order for human mind to make a belief that is dependable or reliable, there has to be substantive evidence on it. This, therefore, leads to justification of our beliefs. Justification is established by the distinction between believing that something is true and between knowing that something is what it is (Sosa...Therefore, it is important to make distinction between knowing that, how and acquaintance knowledge. Traditionally, there existed two methods to theory of knowledge. Empiricism which stresses that we get our knowledge via senso ry experiences while rationalism on the other hand which claims that people gain their knowledge through reasoning. The source of human knowledge have been attempted to be explained by philosophers. Due to this, there are two ways that have been used to explain the source of human knowledge in that on one side, rationalism explains that human knowledge is based on rationality or reason while on the other hand, empiricism states that human knowledge is based on experience or posteriori knowledge Many people have argued that human knowledge originate from experience but It is more sensible to argue that neither side can be neglected instead what need to be done is that both schools of thought that explain the source of human knowledge should be combined so that it makes more sense. Hence this can be classified as justified true belief. Knowledge is basically a belief or convection that someone has in something or a thing. However, knowledge can be enhanced by a combination of reason and experience. Plato argued that in order to demarcate the difference between knowledge and opinion must be reasonab ly or rationally justified. Truth is the capability of the information acquired being consistent with evident presented and truths about it.

Bridge Management System for Saudi Arabia Research Paper

Bridge Management System for Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Hence, there is need for the development of a bridge management system in Saudi Arabia. This study provides a background on the infrastructural setting and bridges in Saudi Arabia. A detailed look at the preservation considerations is followed by inquiry into the improvement considerations available for the existing bridges in Saudi Arabia. The natural hazards that may impact bridge infrastructure in Saudi Arabia is then discussed, followed by a look at the policy considerations, project considerations, economic/non-economic considerations and prioritization to base decision support for the bridge management system proposed. Provisions for updating of the bridge management system are given before providing a summary of the study. Background Saudi Arabia is an oil-dependent economy in the Arabian Peninsula with a $350 billion budget in infrastructure development as of the year 2007. The main infrastructural developmental goals for the country aim to transform it into a global industrial force. According to Business Week (2007), this transformation is to be supported by positioning the country as a regional transport and logistics hub. As a result, plans for the $5 billion budget Saudi Landbridge project connecting the Red Sea and the Gulf Coast to be constructed by a private consortium are underway. The consortium will have a 50 year operating rights on the bridge. The other major project is the Saudi-Egypt Causeway that has a causeway and a bridge component, meant to link Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula to boost development in the region. The project will is projected to cost about $4 billion and will be owned by the two governments. The two bridges described above are an addition to the already existing Jamaraat Bridg e whose purpose is to enable pilgrims to throw stones at the Jamrah pillars. The bridge may sometimes carry about one million individuals, leading to serious safety issues and need for maintenance. The bridge has been under reconstruction into a nine-storey one that will be able to accommodate about 9 million people a day (Saudi Info, 2004). Besides the three bridges mentioned in this background, there are about 4,200 bridges in Saudi Arabia’s highway network. Philosophical Approach As Hearn et al. (2007) argues, bridge management systems represent a unique convergence of a number of disciplines including structural engineering, economics, operations research, planning, and information technology. There is need for prudent data collection to support decision making in bridge management systems. Collection of timely and quality data enables the parties in charge to discern crucial information about bridge conditions, costs of the project and effectiveness. This study calls on the disciplines listed above to produce a formidable report on bridge management in Saudi Arabia. The study will explore the preservation conditions, improvement considerations, extreme event considerations and then detail possible

Muslim Minority in Toronto University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Muslim Minority in Toronto University - Essay Example But today this plain world-view has been complex by the existence in the West of above ten million Muslims. Around five or six million Muslims subsist in Europe and about four or five million in America; the accurate statistics are likely to be rather untrustworthy, as immigrants and switchers at times do not desire to pronounce their individuality or list and are consequently complex to itemize. It can no longer be observed as Islam against the West; it is Islam and the West or Islam in the West. The expansion of this Muslim society has been remarkable to evaluate by the mosques: both Germany and France comprise around a thousand, Britain about 500 (though many may only be a room or two). The central mosques in London and in Washington indicate this expansion: the mosques are filled of worshippers; they are wonderfully created and are the center of Muslim communal and pious action (Muslim Minority, Online). According to LeMay (2004) discrimination and inequity based on supposed ethnic/racial dissimilarities are worldwide --they are initiated in a variety of forms in all cultures. Acts of discrimination vary all the way from benign categorization of people to unkind harassment. Though, the expression racism has come to be vaguely applied to all of these actions. Philosophers question has made a practical division between kinds of detrimental activitiesThey uses the term racialism for the more benevolent forms of prejudice such as classifying people for indication purposes on the foundation of age, gender, and ethnicity/race. They set aside the term racism for destructive discrimination such as not employing someone because of his or her "race." This difference will be followed here in this paper. Not a soul -ethnic/racial group has the domination on racism. Yet members of groups that are insistently discriminated against by others might believe and perform in a violent racist behavior.Racism is principally a creation of ethnocentrism--the sentiment that ones own group's edifying traditions and principles are accurate and greater to all others (Flanagan, 1998). It is not complicated to observe why Majority sees Muslims who live as a minority in non-Muslim countries like Canada as a dilemma. The grounds are comparatively straightforward. Where on earth Muslims live as minorities they more and more countenance troubles of discrimination. These are partially due to historical and political issues, partially due to the media, which have established for several that Muslims are aggressive, untrustworthy and flat to lawlessness. There is one more basis. The majority of non-Muslim countries in which Muslims live have a representation of themselves as plural, open-minded, secular and contemporary cultures. Muslims one way or another confront this picture. They aggravate the nastiest facets of the state. In the foremost, in its place of resolving the evils of the Muslims in a style that would be jointly advantageous, the state is inclined to disregard or diminish them (Flanagan, 1998). Issues Faced By Muslim Minorities In Toronto University Undergraduates at the University of

A 2,500 3,000 word individual report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A 2,500 3,000 word individual report - Essay Example Finally, we look into how we can implement Performance Management to improve the company to better achieving its long term goals. The purpose of this section is to define Performance Appraisal and Performance Management, as well as to distinguish between the two. Both Performance Appraisal and Performance Management lead to increase in organisational productivity (Thomson 2003). Performance Appraisal is one of the tools used for implementing Performance Management. Performance Appraisal is the process of setting job standards, measuring and evaluating employee performance, and giving relevant feedback to the employees (Thomson 2003). Performance appraisals are an important part of performance management, particularly in the Feedback Stage of Performance Management (Farrington 2007). Currently, our company is relying on Performance Appraisal in order to improve employee performance. However, Performance Appraisal is not enough to maximize and maintain good employee performance for the following reasons. Performance Appraisal, when used alone, is demotivating, it takes a lot of time to implement and get results back, it creates a legal liability, and it flies in the face of team rewards and accountability (Brull 1997). Furthermore, Cook discusses that the focus of Performance Appraisal is too much on the individual, instead of developing the employee. Appraisal is inconsistent and only useful in the extremes of performance (1993). In itself, it is therefore not enough to maximize organisational productivity. This section defines Performance Management, its two foci which are development and reward driven, and details the process of performance management. This section then explains how and why Performance Management improves organisational productivity. Performance Management is the process used by managers to enable the employees to perform effectively and efficiently

Joint Commission Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joint Commission Safety - Essay Example Joint Commission Safety The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) were established in 2002 to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety. NPSGs encompass 15 goals and areas concerned include patient identification, caregiver communication, medication safety, control and prevention of health-care associated infections, medication reconciliation, fall reduction, vaccinations, surgical fire prevention, patient involvement, pressure ulcers, and risk assessment. According to the Joint Commission (2012), the National Patient Safety Goals for 2012 focus on the following: improvement of the accuracy of patient identification through use of at least two patient identifiers in providing care, treatment and services and elimination of transfusion errors related to patient misidentification; improvement of communication effectiveness among caregivers by timely reporting of critical results of tests and diagnostic procedures; improvement of medica tion safety by labeling all medications, containers, and solutions in the perioperative and procedural settings, reducing harm from use of anticoagulant therapy, and maintaining and communicating accurate patient medication information; reduction of risk from health-care associated infections through compliance with hand hygiene guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or World Health Organization (WHO) and implementation of evidence-based practices to prevent health care-associated infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, surgical site infections and indwelling catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI); reduction of patient harm from falls by addressing the risk; prevention of health care-associated pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers) through assessment and taking action of the identified risks; and organizational identification of safety risks per patient population such as risk for suicide, risk of home fires from patient receiving oxygen therapy at home, and incidence of wrong site, wrong procedure and wrong person surgery (n.p). The 2012 NPSGs is applicable to the hospital and critical access hospital accreditation programs with focus on health care-associated infections, particularly catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Falls are the leading cause of injury and death among the elderly. According to the CDC (2012), there are 2.2 million nonfatal fall injuries among elderly treated in emergency department in 2009 and 581,000 of which were hospitalized while 19,700 elderly died from unintentional fall injuries in 2008 (n.p.). The injury and mortality associated with falls among elderly could have been prevented if the hospitals and staff strictly adhered to the Joint Commission’s NPSG of reducing the risk of patient harm resulting from falls. Elderly patients are at risk for falls because of decrease cognitive ability, age-related factors affecting stability, and different pat hologic conditions (Grayson, 2006, 84-85). The goal requires health care institutions to implement and evaluate a fall reduction program in order to reduce the risk of injury should a fall occurs and provide services to specific population. Evaluation of risks for falls include taking fall history, review of medications and alcohol consumption, screening gait and balance walking aids, and assessment of assistive technologies, protective devices, and environments. The

Encounters with crocodiles Essay Example for Free

Encounters with crocodiles Essay I found the crocodiles so intresting that i soon got over my loathing for them and yet with possible exception of as they run the hyenas they must be the meanest creatures in the AFRICAN scene.They will never openly attack,and they will not defend their own eggs ; directly you attempt to land ,into the water they go.It was unwise however to stand to close to the river bank especially at dusk the crocodile lunge out at you with his paws ;instead,having observed you carefully from midstream ,hen swim submeged into the shallows ,and with a sudden like moment of his tail he sweeps you into the water. One of the African boys in the park had been taken like this a few days before we arrived ,and it was no rare thing ,we were told ,for baby elephants to meet their end in just this way when they came down to the river to drink. then the mother elephants goes ranging along the bank quite powerless to retaliate.The crocodiles itself shas mortal enemies ,and not many of the sixty or seventy eggs which female lays,like turtle ,in a hole in a sand bank are destined to survive .Having laid her eggs (they are rather like large white goose -eggs),the mother covers up the hole and then sometimes departs. This is the moment for the moniter lizard to creep out of the undergrowth to scrape the sand away and then to gorge himself .Even if the nest remains undiscovered the young crcodiles need a gold deal of luck to survive. They come struggling to the surface of the sand little ten_inch_long rubbery thing ,and make directly for the water , hissing and snapping as they run .On the bank the marabaou stork with the speed of sword_play flicks them into his long bill ; and if you care to watch you can see the wriggling passage of the young crocodile down the bird scraggy throat.Sometimes the mother crocodile will try to defend her young at this perilous moment ,and this is a facinating thing to see.The marabou, with elaborate unconcern stand in about six inches of water waiting for the next tit bit to come swimming by,and from about twenty yards away the mother crocodile watches :just two murderous eyes above the surface of the stream .Then silently she submerges and come up again about ten y ards from marabou .The bird takes no notice .And now ,having again goes down .This time she is coming in for the kill .it is a matter of about two seconds the marabou abstractely and casually takes a backward step . At the same instant the tremendous jaws of the crocodiles come rearing out of the river and snap together in the empty air at the prcise spot where he was standing .green water streaming off her back ,the crocodiles subsides into river again;and the bird steps back to res ume its meal QUESTIONS/ANSWERS: Q1:what enabled the writer to get over his loathing for the crcodiles? Q2:what do crcodiles do when a person attempts to land on the river bank ? Q3:what method does the crocodiles use to capture ots prey?

Postmodern tendencies in American TV Essay Example for Free

Postmodern tendencies in American TV Essay Television scholars have observed that in the past twenty years American popular television has undergone a major transformation in style and form. John Thornton Caldwell uses the term televisuality to signify a development in the images running through the small screen. Such a shift in form and presentation developed alongside contextual factors. Caldwell explains his view in detail: Starting in the 1980s, American mass-market television underwent an uneven shift in the conceptual and ideological paradigms that governed its look and presentational demeanor. In several important programming and institutional areas, television moved from a framework that approached broadcasting primarily as a form of word-based rhetoric and transmission†¦to a visually based mythology, framework and aesthetic based on an extreme self-consciousness of style. (1995, p. 4) This emphasis on style is predicated on reconceptualizations of form and presentation in television, consequentially changing production and labor practices: With increasing frequency, style itself became the subject, the signified, if you will, of television. In fact, the self-consciousness of style became so great that it can more accurately be described as an activity—as a performance of style—rather than a particular look. (1995, pp. 4 -5) Televisuality is more than a historical phenomenon; it is also a discursive product. The ramifications of televisual style are brought about by business conditions, technology and audience reception, as well as intended changes in industry and aesthetic practices. Certainly there are factors unique to this contemporary trend, but Caldwell is quick to point out that televisuality is not some original invention that does not have historical precedents. It can be traced from a long history of â€Å"aesthetic posturing†; that is, stylization has been a regular artistic practice in television production that has snowballed, albeit unevenly, into what mass-market television has become of date. Furthermore, stylization is tied to a much broader landscape—to processes of transformation in mass media and American popular culture. Caldwell’s approach, that of historicizing and contextualizing stylization, necessarily leads to another aspect—its ideological implications. Given the rather broad conceptualization, instead of offering one sweeping definition Caldwell identifies six principles of televisuality (pp. 5-10). These principles are explored in-depth in his seminal work, Televisuality: Style, Crisis and Authority in American Television. I shall enumerate them and briefly explain the author’s ideas in the paragraphs that follow. Even though these tenets were discussed with special reference to the 1980s, the era that signaled the major turn in television’s presentational format, I will nevertheless explain them with the presumption of their universal (non-time bound) applicability. 1. Televisuality was a stylizing performance—an exhibitionism that utilized many different looks. According to Caldwell, televisuality is a â€Å"presentational attitude† that emphasizes exhibitionism. Exhibitionism is evinced through the use of different existing visual looks and stylizations, leading to different of â€Å"guises†. This means that the conventional genres of presentation and format are less evident. The constant â€Å"experimentation† and blurring of boundaries make for a certain visual spectacles. 2. Televisuality represented a structural inversion. If before television shows prioritized subject over style, and the visual packaging of the image was relegated to the background, beginning in the mid-1980s some shows placed style on the foreground. This practice is not simply a positional swap. Style or the presentation of the image, Caldwell clarifies, is the subject, or in other words, is significantly tied to the text itself: â€Å"(S)tyle was no longer a bracketed flourish, but was the text of the show† (p. 6). To analyze the televisual text is to articulate to the act of presentation of the subject itself. 3. Televisuality was an industrial product. The third principle refers to an important foundation of televisuality—the mode of production. For Caldwell, televisuality—including the â€Å"presentational guises, the narrative forms, and the politics of mainstream television† (p. 7) stems from the technological and production developments, some of which result from specific cultural and economic needs. At the same time, the production base evinces particular audience attitudes and responses. 4. Televisuality was a programming phenomenon. As stated earlier, televisuality is a product of television history; it has its precedents. Exhibitionism and spectacle is not an entirely unique phenomenon; what is unique is the manner in which â€Å"showcasing† is done by broadcast networks. Another example is the presentation and branding of some shows as â€Å"special events†: Programming designed around special-event status was also not entirely new, although the kind of prestige and programming spin that special events offered threatened to dominate television by the late 1980s. † (p. 9) Thus, today the viewer finds â€Å"exclusive† news coverage commonplace in news and public affairs shows, and there is a saturation of â€Å"reality† game shows documenting the lives of ordinary people desperate for instant fame and fortune. 5. Televisuality was a function of audience. Caldwell notes how television audiences have become more varied in terms of taste and preferences. Audience response, from his view is both manufactured by networks, as well as a function of agency. As the cultural literacy of audiences is developed across different social segments, audiences’ sensibilities are also trained by the continuous development and revision of shows on television. For example the introduction of video games in the mass market in the early 80s profoundly shaped young people’s lifestyles. Meanwhile, television makes use of technological developments like the videogames to reinvent the stylistic wheel, so to speak, in turn orienting audiences towards developing new viewing pleasures. 6. Televisuality was a product of the economic crisis. In the 1980s, mainstream networks were stunned by the popularity of cable viewing. Caldwell believes stylistic showcasing is the mainstream networks’ approach to â€Å"protect(ing) market share† as the business conditions became more competitive. While Caldwell focuses on stylistic (re)presentation in contemporary American television, another scholar, Jason Mittell (2006), focuses on developments in television genre and narrative. Mittell uses the concept of narrative complexity to approach the intertextual tendencies of television serials. Following his work that posits a cultural approach to genre study (A Cultural Approach to Television Genre Theory, 2001), Mittell insists that popular American television should be broadly understood as a product of cultural, historical, and structural forces. New trends in genre development should be examined alongside contextual factors – network business outcomes, shifts in industrial and artistic practices, technological innovations, and audience tastes and responses. Additionally, narrative complexity should be approached as a cultural phenomenon. Mittell’s critical perspective shares with Caldwell a broader view of television studies, whereby context is read into particular aspects of the text (style/stylization, genre, narrative). Like Caldwell, he also situates the unique formal qualities of the narrative within structural and historical developments in production, circulation and audience reception. Perhaps in anticipation of Mittell’s view, Caldwell (1995) also suggests that one way of analyzing the form and functions of televisuality by comparing earlier conventional genres and more recent attempts to incorporate stylistic embellishment and exhibitionism (p. 18). Mittell observes that narrative complexity is a striking feature of some of today’s popular television fare, offering an alternative to earlier conventional formats. Mittell takes after film scholar David Bordwell with the view that the term encompasses a particular set of â€Å"norms of narrational construction and comprehension† (Bordwell cited by Mittell, 2006, p. 29), which combines different genres, movements and creators in coming up with a coherent whole. These features are drawn from cinema as a reference, however, and thus Mittell also points out that while cinematic techniques over the last decade have also shaped the television narrative in certain ways (for instance, the crossing-over of film auteurs and practitioners to the small screen have brought about a new breed of â€Å"quality television† or â€Å"intelligent† serial programs; filmic intertextuality, or the combination of other media like novels and comic books in making films), contemporary television storytelling style should still be examined according to the medium’s unique features, structures, history and language (p. 29). Mittell also adopts what he calls a â€Å"historical poetics† in his definition of narrative complexity an approach that invites the reader to go beyond the borders of the text. The textual features should be read in conjunction with particular socio-historical contexts—industry and production trends, technological developments, and changing audience behaviors, and the like. Awareness of the influence of specific contextual factors assumes that narrative development is not an isolated textual whole but a product of external factors. Mittell then traces the rise of narrative complexity in the television. Most of the television practices he cites are more or less synonymous to factors that also brought forth the era of televisuality, which Caldwell pointed out. For instance, Mittell explains how the appeal of the small screen captivated film creators and professionals who started out in the film industry. David Lynch (Twin Peaks), Allan Ball (Six Feet Under), and Joss Whedon (Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel) are notable examples. Part of the attraction is that television, being a â€Å"producer’s medium†, creators gain more authority and leverage compared to the director-centric film production (p. 31). Modes of television viewing also compelled networks to re-strategize programming practices and schedules. Beginning in the mid-80s the popularity of serial narratives gradually declined. It was found that audiences lacked the sustained attention for weekly serials. A relatively new kind of practice, the syndication of TV programs became a major challenge for networks, as it gave audiences more elbow room to view episodes of their favorite shows without having to follow a fixed weekly schedule. Another trend that Mittell observed in terms of reception is the increasing diversity of audiences. As new broadcasting companies and channels add to the media clutter, they develop shows that cater to certain demographic brackets or attuned to specific cult followers in order to compete with established networks like CBS and NBC. As always, technological innovations impact significantly on television. For Mittell, the television industry easily latches on the latest technology to advance aesthetic and production purposes. As an example, one of the most recent developments that single-handedly changed the cultural landscape is the Internet. Television cashed in on this new technology by putting up fan sites and â€Å"official† TV program sites. These sites extend television viewing, as they enable followers to do a range of activities (discussion of episodes with other viewers, purchasing of merchandize, research information about the show) in relation to the show itself. The postmodern turn in television The above discussions can be subsumed to the overarching theoretical paradigm called postmodernism. Televisuality and narrative complexity can be regarded as actual structural features and dynamics that demonstrate the postmodern condition in the realm of television. Several of the features and themes that characterize postmodernism, charted by Jim Collins in â€Å"Television and Postmodernism† (1997) resonates with the definitions of televisuality and narrative complexity proffered by Caldwell and Mittell. For instance, Collins discusses how postmodernism is predicated on the proliferation and circulation of signs or images, in part propelled by the latest technology (cable, VCR, digital technology, the Internet) (p. 193). The bombardment of images, all of which demand the viewer’s attention, eventually effaces meaning. The primacy of the image is also an attribute of televisuality, especially in its claim that style is the text/signifer. In addition, there is also the logic of excess that in televisual parlance translates to excessive style. Eclecticism seems to be a commonplace notion in discussions of televisuality and narrative complexity. In the latter, the employment of various styles in the process of expermentation or stylization is a form of eclecticism; in the latter, the cross-fertilization of differing genres. Related to this is intertextuality, the use or borrowing of various formats resulting in the blurring of boundaries, or the reorganization of genre or style hierarchies. Though features of conventional prototypes may still be recognizable in a given text, their combination or recombination attracts the viewer’s attention more distinctly. In this paper I will attempt to show what is postmodern in American television. Many accounts of postmodernism dabble in excess themselves, and fail to anchor much of the claims in empirical realities. I believe that what postmodernism articulates in theory is more acutely contained in the concepts of televisuality and narrative complexity. Thus, while the critical perspective employed here remains to be postmodernism, my analysis uses more empirical conceptual handles.

Strategies and public relations of Hilton

Strategies and public relations of Hilton In todays vital range of competitive business environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing towards more varied approaches. In particular there has been a change from transactional to relationship management in marketing. I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my personal study and or research. I have acknowledged all material and sources used in the preparation of this assignment, including any material generated in the course of my employment. I have not copied in part, or otherwise plagiarised, the work of other students. I have read and I understand the criteria used for assessment. The assignment is within the word and page limits specified in the unit outline. In other words, the use of any material in this assignment does not infringe the intellectual property/copyright of a third party. I did very hard work for this assignment and full concentrate on my work. I did try to do my best. Hilton worldwide is the leading global hospitality company, spanning the lodging sector from luxurious full-service hotels and resorts to extended -stay suites and mid priced hotels. For 90 years, Hilton worldwide has been offering business and leisure travellers the finest in accommodations, service, amenities and value. The company is dedicated to continuing its tradition of providing exceptional guest experiences across its global brands. Its brands care comprised of its more than 3,300 hotels in 77 countries and include Waldorf Astoria hotels and resorts, Conrad hotels and resorts, Hilton double tree, Embassy suite hotels, Hilton garden Inn, Hampton Inn and suites, Homewood suites by Hilton and Hilton Grand vacations. The company also manages the world-class guest reward program Hilton HHonors. Hilton Hotels properties are renowned for their convenient and strategic locations within major countries throughout the world. Also synonymous with the brand are the high level of persona l service guest receive, and the extensive range of comprehensive business facilities available in luxurious settings. This hotel is built in 1963 as a showcase for international guests; this stunning New York City hotel has warmly welcomed families visiting the worlds fair, representatives attending political conventions and certain Fab Faur from England, coming to appear on the Ed Sullivan Show. With a multilingual staff of professionals, a wide choice of elegantly appointed accommodations, this extraordinary NYC hotel looks forward to continuing its legacy of service and guest satisfaction. MARKETING The marketing function is the study of market forces and factors and the development of a companys position to optimize its benefit from them. It is all about getting the right product. There is a difference between sales and marketing, marketing people deal with markets that contain many potential customers, and they talk to them as a group. Whereas profit or service to the customer at the right place at the right time. Marketing is much more than just advertising or PR. Its a way of doing things that starts with a potential customer and ends up with a profit. In the middle are competitors who are after the same customers and same profits. In the business as a marketing person, its necessary to use some proven tools and techniques to attack the competition and gain the customers. Marketing is the process where a company satisfies customer needs with a product and service at a price that generates a salespeople deal with a few customers and talk to them one at a time. According to me Marketing is a body of knowledge concerned with the relationship of a business to the marketplace. This market place is made up of customers, potential customers, competitors, suppliers, distribution channels, communication media and government regulations. It is a key of discipline that enables the producers of goods and services to interpret customer wants, needs and desires and match, or exceed them, in delivery to their target consumers. Marketing is also a mixture of all the activities of advertising promotion, publicity, deciding the look and feel of the product, how it will be sold and send to the consumer etc .All of these are the different parts of the marketing, they are not marketing. According to Philip Kotler (2006), Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Eric Davies and Barry Davies (2 edition), Institute of Management, Successful Marketing in a week, Marketing is the identification and profitable satisfaction of customers needs'. The Charted Institute of Marketing, Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. We define marketing management as the analysis, planning, implementation and controls of programs designed to create, build and maintain beneficial exchange with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. According to Bennett (1995), The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. According to handouts The American Marketing Association defines marketing as, The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. Facets of Marketing: Marketing has two sides first is philosophy, an attitude, a perspective or a management orientation that stress customer satisfaction. Second marketing is a set of emotions used to implement this philosophy. This is the marketing process. In hospitality marketing, the product is the experience of the guests. This experience has both a goods component (like food) and an interactive component, which we call service. In practice, hospitality employees become part of the product (experience). Another way every employee is part of the guests experience, because the typical hospitality organisation is highly personal and interactive. APPROACHES TO MARKETING Product orientation: Product orientation means focuses on the internal capabilities of the hotel rather than on the desires and needs of the marketplace. The benefits offered by a product or service can include: Convenience and accessibility. Good after-sales technical support and advice. Comfort and ease of use. Accountability- the knowledge that if things go wrong, the manufacturer will put them right. Courtesy and helpfulness of staff. Attractive, appropriate and efficient design and packaging. Peace of mind- the knowledge that you can trust the hotel, that your needs are understood and the good or service you have purchased will not let you down. Sales orientation: A sales orientation is based on the ideas that people buy more goods and services. In marketing a product is important to establish a unique selling proposition which sets business, brand or product ahead of the competition. Creating a unique selling proposition is particularly important in providing services. Unique selling propositions are usually set out in advertising. Therefore, the focus of a sales orientation is still the product, or what an operation has to offer. Marketing orientation: Marketing is based on the ideas how the product comes out in the market. The right place is profitable for the product. It focuses on customer wants and needs and integrating all the organisations activities, including production, to satisfy these wants. Achieving long-term goals for the organisation by satisfying customer wants and needs legally and responsibly. Societal Marketing Orientation: The Societal Marketing Orientation is the newest marketing concept. This concept holds that the organisation should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently that competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumers and societys well being, whether the marketing concept is adequate in the age of environmental problems, resources shortage, rapid population growth, worldwide inflation and neglected social services. The pure marketing concept ignores possible conflicts between short run consumer wants and long run societal needs. Like a Hotel, Hotel chains have established no-smoking floors and no smoking sections in their restaurants. Fast-food restaurants that practice the societal marketing concept pursues more environmentally sound packaging and produce foods with more nutritional value. Resort developers must consider the impact on the environment not only of their initial construction but also of the disposal of waste products and their use of water. MARKETING PLAN Marketing plan is designed to implement the strategies chosen at the corporate and strategic business unit levels. Writing a marketing plan of the hotel allows you to examine the hotel environment in conjunction with the inner working of the business. The marketing plan allows the marketing manager to enter the market place with an awareness of possibilities and problems. The development of a marketing plan every year is also important because good strategies are equal to success. It is noted that the long term effect of a marketing plan is hard to measure with precision. Ronald McDonald and Santa Claus have such things as long term effects. Elements of Marketing Plan Current Situation: Its important to assess market trends and the competition. These days, most forward thinking marketing people also involve salespeople to help their understanding. This is because sales people have an intimate knowledge of individual customers and competitors. Marketing Objectives: This is to help potential customers understand what your business does. It includes brochures, presentations and website. Salespeople should use these to describe the business and explain the benefits of your products to individual customers. There are all important goals to determine which ones you want to achieve first, second and so on and which are most easily and effectively executed. Swot Analysis: The total evaluation of a hotels strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats is called SWOT analysis. The best marketing people know exactly what they are good at, and what they are not so good at their strengths and weaknesses, it comes in internal analysis of hotel. In strategic planning opportunities and threats come in external analysis of the hotel. Competitor Analysis: Every business has competitors and its good for combined spend on promotion and advertising increases the size and growth of the market. It must understand that who is competitors, things like location, business size, website, product information and their target customer groups. Must spend time working out their strengths and weaknesses. Monitor their website every month and keep an eye open for them in a press. Try and work out what they are trying to achieve and where they are going. Try and guess how much they depend on a particular product or market. Market Research: Marketing people have come to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamppost for support, rather than for illumination. David Ogilvy Its important to know about existing and potential customers and need to establish basic information about them. Advertising and promotions assessment Market tracking Customer satisfaction Market segmentation Target Markets: It depicts which markets are most worthwhile and important for organisation. Marketing Tools: Its important to develop a sort of shopping list of the promotional tools organisation use and what budget organisation will devote to customers. Monitoring: Organisation will need to decide how it is going to monitor its performance. Monitoring is an important phase of the marketing process. SWOT Analysis HHC, like all major hotel corporations, is continuing to recover from the events of Sep.11th. This tragic human event also delivered a financially devastating blow to the travel industry as a whole and to the hotel industry in particular. In order to fully recover and thrive in the coming years, HHC must assess its overall all strengths and weaknesses as it moves forward through the new millennium. The following SWOT Analysis sheds some light on some of the pitfalls and opportunities that await the Hilton Hotels Corporation. Strengths Strengths are the positive aspects and distinctive attributes; It provides a significant market advantage. Strength is essential part and power of the hotel. Brand Recognition: Hilton has a good reputation and their name is well known. Hilton is a leader in the hotel industry. Its good to make their product, their packaging and their tangibles look different to those of their competitors, it is essential to make them support their brand values. Demand-Supply gap: Hotel remains proper gap in demand and supply products. It gives good results to the hotel and get promotion. Diversification of products: Hilton is more than hotels. They also generate revenue from gaming and entertainment. By being involved more than one industry. Hilton has a benefit of drawing from one part of its business if another part becomes less lucrative. Gaming and entertainment (as well as hotels) serve different customers needs. While this diversity does not automatically insure success, it does help the company to balance out its profits across three areas of the business. Hilton Hotel Corporation (HHC) is a well established organization and industry leader in the hotel, hospitality and gaming industry HHC is well diversified across the industry with hotels in the high end, business and mid-priced classes in their product mix Brand recognition HHC also possesses solid integration features such as owning the companies that manufacture its furniture and has invested in online reservation travel enterprises Hotel facilities: Hilton Hotel has a full service spa, a health club, an outdoor-pool, a steam room, a sauna, wireless and wired high speed internet access is available in public areas. The luxury properly features two restaurants for surcharge, guest receive, transportation including an airport shuttle and an area shuttle. Guest parking is complimentary. Event facilities consist of a ball room and conference/meeting rooms. The staff can arrange concierge services, wedding services, event catering. Guest Rooms features coffee/ tea makers and complimentary bottle water. Bathroom offers separate bathtubs and showers with handheld showerheads, phones, scales. All guest rooms are non-smoking. There are no room charges for children 12 years old and younger who occupy the same room as their parents or guardians, using existing bedding. The following fees and deposits are charge by property at time service, check -in check-out. In last, laundry facility, massage-spa treatment room and wheel chair are also available. Hilton Hotels are known for a high level of comfort and prestige. The Port of San Diego and Hilton are planning to develop a 1200-room hotel on the waterfront adjacent to the San Diego Convention Canter. The prestigious Hilton Malta promises the best in accommodation and a high standard of service for which Hilton hotels are renowned. For business or pleasure the Homewood suites by Hilton hotels are designed with all the comforts of home in mind. The Hotels are the Official Hotel Group of UK Athletics and the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Athletics Team. Hilton Hotels are now building computer files on customer preferences using a system called On Q, pronounced on cue. The Hotels are known across the globe and offer a choice of 2700 quality hotels in the UK, Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia. Hotel chain: Hilton Hotel develops many countries. This is the deluxe hotel in the Newyork city. Hotel chain is vital part of the strengths of the hotel. Hilton hotel is worldwide. Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction with a purchase depends upon the products performance relative to a buyers expectations. A customer might experience various degrees of satisfaction. If the products performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If performance matches expectations, the customer is satisfied. If performance exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted. Expectations are based on customers past buying experiences. Hotel strengths with customer satisfaction as table setting, better offers, easy switch suppliers, location and good management team etc. Weaknesses HHC may be two narrowly focused making it vulnerable to a downturn in the global economy and other world-wide catastrophes that could limit global travel such as the bird-flu and a significant terrorist strike HHC may be vulnerable to workers strikes and crack down on undocumented workers in the U.S. Most of its holdings are in the U.S. Opportunities HHC should offer an array of distinctive and specialized services to the high end guests and high rollers such as Wedding planning hosting Spas that specialize in personal services Personal trainers HHC should look to expand into or acquire a cruise line A cruise ship is little more than a hotel that floats this would essentially match what it currently does with its leased properties Gaming activities would escape regulation, etc. Take advantage of emerging markets, especially with business class and mid-priced markets Threats HHC must be careful not overextend its efforts to mix entertainment and gaming Also the extension of credit and other side effects of gaming can slowly but surely nibble away profits September 11th was a major blow to the hotel industry. A similar event could result in another down turn. The hotel has many competitors like the Oberai Towers, the Marine Plaza, The Orchid, Le Meridian etc. Relationship Marketing: Relationship Marketing involves using methods and tactics to develop long term relationship with customers in order to retain them. An organisation must exceed customer satisfaction to develop a healthy relationship with customers. Traditional transactional marketing involved the organisation focusing all of its marketing efforts on attracting the customer for one off sales. Company must put into place tactics to attract customers. To attract customers promoting the product and brand, offering good quality products, services and competitive prices. Attracted customers to be retained with organisation. Methods used to retain customers include Loyalty cards, a good customer service, product variety and quality. (Handout) Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies are the means by which marketing objectives will be achieved and are generally concerned with the seven elements of the marketing mix. It deals with pricing, selling, and distributing a product .Using a market development strategy, a company or business unit can capture a larger share of an existing market for current products through market saturation and market penetration or develop new markets for current products. What a company wants to accomplish, in terms of such things as market share and volume, is a marketing objective. How the company intends to go about achieving its objectives is strategy. Strategy is the overall route to the achievement of specific objectives and should describe the means by which objectives are to be reached, the time programme and the allocation of resources. There is clear distinction between strategy, and detailed implementation, or tactics. The following headlines indicate the general content of strategy statements in the area of marketing which emerge from marketing literature:- Policies and procedures relating to the products to be offered, such as number, quality, design, branding, packaging, positioning and labelling, etc. Pricing levels to be adopted, margins and discount policies Advertising, sales promotion, direct mail, call centres and the internet, along with The mix of these, the creative approach, the type of media, type of displays, the amount to spend, etc. What emphasis is to be placed on personal selling, the sales approach. Sales training, etc. The distributive channels to be used and the relative importance of each Service levels, etc., in relation to different segments. Marketing Mix In marketing, one such conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service which will be seen as different in the eyes of prospective customers, to the point where they will prefer it to all competing substitutes, is obviously the ultimate objective of the marketer. Marketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to attract and retain their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix: 4P and 7P. It is essential to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long used for the product industry while the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry. According to John O Shaughnessey (1984), Product, price, promotion and distribution are factors that, within limits, are capable of being influenced or controlled. Marketing strategy can be viewed as reflecting a marketing mix of these four elements .The marketing mix is at the core of marketing. The marketing mix consists of the key decisions where marketing managers should exhibit their greatest expertise and professionalism. It has become common to summarize the elements of the marketing mix in the 4Ps- product, price, promotion and place. The seven Ps of marketing mix can be discussed as: Product Expand the line Change performance, quality or features Consolidate the line Standardize design Positioning Change the mix Branding. Price Change price, terms or conditions Skimming policies Penetration policies Promotion Change advertising or promotion Change the mix between direct mail, call centres, the internet Change selling. Place Change delivery or distribution Change service Change channels Change the degree of forward or backward integration. People People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else involve in it. Realize reputation of the brand Process Methods and process of providing a service Must be helpful to customers Physical (Evidence) Experience of using a product or service Brochures, Pamphlets PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations (PR) is an important marketing tool that until recently was treated as a marketing stepchild. PR is moving into an explosive growth stage. Advertising costs continue to rise, while audience reach continues to decline. Advertising clutter reduces the impact of each ad. Sales promotion costs have also increased as channels intermediaries demand lower prices, better commissions and deals. The creative use of new events, publications, social events, community relations and other PR techniques offers companies a way to distinguish themselves and their products from their competitors. A simple definition of public relations is the development of and maintenance of good relationships with different publics. The publics are the range of different groups on which an organization is dependent. These include employees, investors, suppliers, customers, distributors, legislators/regulations/governments, pressure groups, the community, the media and even competition. Most of these groups have different interests in any particular organization. Public relations integrate with most aspects of an organizations activities. Public relations communication tools News Generation One of the most widely used is the generation of news. News is best structured around a story which can incorporate information about an organization or its products. Events Organizations can also gain peoples attention through staging or sponsoring Events. These can range from simple news conferences and seminars to exhibitions, competitive activities, anniversary dinners and stunts. All are likely to gain media coverage and draw attention to the sponsoring organizations name. They can also aid the achievement of credibility or establish images with which an organization would like to be associated. Events are also good opportunities to develop relationship with suppliers, opinion leaders and associates, as well as customers. Publications An organizations publications are another method of communication in which public relations will have an active interest. Sales support material is an obvious example, which can include brochures, manuals and presentations, usable by all personnel who have contact with the outside world. Annual reports, other public interest communiquà ©s, and special publications such as cookery books and childrens stories also provide vehicles for influencing both customers and those who can affect customers perceptions. Internal audiences and significant stakeholders are often addressed by organizational newsletters and magazines. Support for good causes Organizational support for good causes is another means of promoting an image and associating an organization with a certain set of values. This can include charity donations in return for product coupons, the sponsorship of public service activities such as festivals, and individual executives support for local community interests such as educational establishments, hospitals or crime prevention. All these provide many opportunities for publicity elsewhere. Expert opinion Individuals within an organization can also act as sources of expert opinion for journalists, public enquiries or other forms of research and investigation. Public relations managers may seek to promote the expertise in their organization through the dissemination of contact lists, and by grooming individuals interviewing and presentational skills. Visual identity Organizations also often seek to establish a visual identity through conformity of design or logos. While design can make it easier for customers to recognize an organizations products when they come across one, logos and other identification marks can be more important for internal markets as a means of signifying change or commonalty of purpose. Market Position and Services Hilton Hotels is one of the market leaders in the hotel and gaming industry in the United States. Hilton is a well-known and distinguished name in fine hotels across the United States and worldwide. In 1999, Hilton expanded aggressively by acquiring the Promus Hotel Corporation, Hampton Inn and Suites, Doubletree Hotels, Embassy Suites Hotels, and Homewood Suites. Hilton Hotels Corporation has grown to become the worlds most recognized and most successful hotel company (Hilton Innovation, 2007). With the 2006 acquisition of Hilton International, Hilton Hotels Corporation became a global force with more than 2,800 hotels in more than 80 countries throughout the world (2007). Marketing Mix theory on Hilton Hotel The marketing mix is essentially a conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service this will be seen as different in the eyes of customers. There are many different approaches to the marketing mix like 7ps. Product: There is no point in developing a product or service that no one wants to buy; it becomes first what to offer first. Hilton hotel find out what customers need or want and then develop the right product-with the right level of quality to meet those needs now and in the future. Their product is not tangible. Their perfect product must provide value for the customer. They regularly check customers satisfaction about product and their services. They also provide product of best quality to their customer. Price: Hotels price is competitive but not cheapest This business is able to compete with other larger rivals by adding extra services or details that is offer customers better value for money. . Their pricing must also provide a profit. It is the only element of the marketing mix that generates revenue everything else represents a cost. The price is used by many buyers as an indicator of quality. Promotion: It does not mean communicating just their customers. They ensure their internal stakeholders are aware of the value and attributes of their products. Hotel communicating effectively to his staff/ fellow employees so that they can be knowledgeable and share expertise with their customers. The employees look regularly at the products that account for the highest percentage of their sales. Process: Hotels process is good because customer does not see how their business runs, customers will see the work. The process of giving a service and the behavior of those who deliver are crucial to customer satisfaction. Its process is best. Never customer waited for their products, they never waste their time. They provide right information of the product to customers and the staff is helpful to them at every time. Customers keep happy by staff. There is no value in making the rest of the company run perfectly if this part is faulty. This P could be great source of competitive advantage if used wisely. Physical Evidence: Hotel provides facilities such as clean, tidy and well-decorated reception area to reassure. They also delivered financial services product in a formal setting, while a childrens birthday entertainment company adopt a relaxed approach. Although customer cannot experience the service before purchase but they talk to other people with experiences of the service. Their views do not come from the company. This Hotel engages these customers and asks for their feedback, so that they can develop reference materials. New customers can then see testimonials and are more likely to purchase with confidence. Physical presence, style, location and decoration of the hotel grabs attention, interest and, to some, creates the desire to enter and explore. People: Anyone who comes into contact with hotels customers will make an impression and that can have a profound effect-positive or negative-on customer satisfaction. The reputation of hotels brand rests in their peoples hands. So they are appropriately trained, well motivated and have the right attitude. Hotels all employees who have contact with their customers are not only properly trained, but also the right kind of peop

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Effective Use of Character Na

Effective Use of Character Names in The Lottery   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The common curse of mankind, --folly and ignorance† (Shakespeare).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were he alive, William Shakespeare might fully endorse Shirley Jackson’s ideas as presented in The Lottery.   The author, Jackson, very distinctly uses symbolic names for her characters to show the ignorance of the sacrificial lottery, which the small village holds year after year.   These sacrifices, which used to be held to appease the god of harvest, have grown meaningless in their culture.   Jackson uses the characters not only to visualize the story for the reader, but also each one has a meaning, which adds to the ultimate theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the leaders and MOST important MEN of the town is Mr. Summers.   Summer is a season of the year.   It is the season of growing, the season of life.   His name   represents partly the old pagan fertility ritual because the harvest that is being sacrificed to is being grown in the summer.   This is supposedly, according to Old Man Warner, what the lottery held each year was all about.   But, in this case, the harvest should be fine because the setting of the story tells us that â€Å"the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (74). Mr. Summers did many things to slowly wean the old tradition, the old harshness, out of the ordeal.   He had the wooden chips replaced with more convenient slips of paper.   He also â€Å"spoke frequently...about making a new box† (75), so, therefore, he also represented new ideas as well as old.   The new ideas that the close-minded village people would not accept.   If given the chance, Mr. Summers would have more than likely accepted and backed the motion to cease the lottery and stop the sacrifice.   Even though... ...haracters names to symbolize meanings that she could not get across to the reader any other way.   She showed how Mr. Graves’ sacrificial killing and Old Man Warner’s strong tradition was too much of a history for Mr. Summers new ideas and young Watson’s realizations.   Mrs. Hutchinson still got her hand in the box and the stone up the side of her head. I AM NOT SURE HOW, BUT YOU CAUSED ME TO LAUGH AT SUCH A SOLOMN STORY.   YOU DID A VERY GOOD JOB RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC AND CITING YOUR SOURCES.   BE CAREFUL NOT TO USE CONTRACTION AND AVOID SLANG TERMS.   I THOUGHT YOUR CONCLUSION WAS A LITTLE ABRUPT, BUT IT WAS NOT BAD.   OVERALL THIS WAS A VERY GOOD PAPER AND I ENJOYED READING IT. Works Cited: Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery." 1949 Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Revelations of Mans Dark Self in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness lighthod

Heart of Darkness: Revelations of Man's Dark Self  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind.   Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice.   His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack.   The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo.   Conrad uses Marlow, the main character in the book, as a narrator so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind.   Conrad's voyages to the Atlantic and Pacific, and the coasts of Seas of the East brought contrasts of novelty and exotic discovery.   By the time Conrad took his harrowing journey into the Congo in 1890, reality had become unconditional.   The African venture figured as his descent into hell.   He returned ravaged by the illness and mental disruption wh ich undermined his health for the remaining years of his life.   Marlow's journey into the Congo, like Conrad's journey, was also meaningful.   Marlow experienced the violent threat of nature, the insensibility of reality, and the moral darkness.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have noticed that important motives in Heart of Darkness connect the white men with the Africans.   Conrad knew that the white men who come to Africa professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders; they also have been alienated from the old tribal ways.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Thrown upon their own inner spiritual resources they may be utterly damned by their greed, their sloth, and their hypocrisy into moral insignificance, as were the pilgrims, or they may be so corrupt by their absolute power over the Africans that some Marlow will need to lay their memory among the 'dead Cats of Civilization.'" (Conrad 105.) The supposed purpose of the Europeans traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives.   Instead they colonized on the native's land and corrupted the natives.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off.   Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge , wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they die and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes. Revelations of Man's Dark Self in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness lighthod Heart of Darkness: Revelations of Man's Dark Self  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind.   Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice.   His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack.   The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo.   Conrad uses Marlow, the main character in the book, as a narrator so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind.   Conrad's voyages to the Atlantic and Pacific, and the coasts of Seas of the East brought contrasts of novelty and exotic discovery.   By the time Conrad took his harrowing journey into the Congo in 1890, reality had become unconditional.   The African venture figured as his descent into hell.   He returned ravaged by the illness and mental disruption wh ich undermined his health for the remaining years of his life.   Marlow's journey into the Congo, like Conrad's journey, was also meaningful.   Marlow experienced the violent threat of nature, the insensibility of reality, and the moral darkness.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have noticed that important motives in Heart of Darkness connect the white men with the Africans.   Conrad knew that the white men who come to Africa professing to bring progress and light to "darkest Africa" have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders; they also have been alienated from the old tribal ways.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Thrown upon their own inner spiritual resources they may be utterly damned by their greed, their sloth, and their hypocrisy into moral insignificance, as were the pilgrims, or they may be so corrupt by their absolute power over the Africans that some Marlow will need to lay their memory among the 'dead Cats of Civilization.'" (Conrad 105.) The supposed purpose of the Europeans traveling into Africa was to civilize the natives.   Instead they colonized on the native's land and corrupted the natives.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Africans bound with thongs that contracted in the rain and cut to the bone, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle butts until they fell off.   Chained slaves were forced to drink the white man's defecation, hands and feet were chopped off for their rings, men were lined up behind each other and shot with one cartridge , wounded prisoners were eaten by maggots till they die and were then thrown to starving dogs or devoured by cannibal tribes.

Accommodating Pluralism: Liberal Neutrality and Compulsory Education :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Accommodating Pluralism: Liberal Neutrality and Compulsory Education ABSTRACT: This paper examines the general neutrality principle of Rawls’ liberalism and then tests that principle against accommodationist intuitions and sympathies in cases concerning the non-neutral effects of a system of compulsory education on particular social groups. Various neutrality principles have long been associated with liberalism. Today I want to examine the general neutrality principle Rawls associates with his own liberalism.(1) I want to begin by getting clear on just what that principle is. Then I want to test it in the context of compulsory education. Let us begin by noting that any basic social structure faithful to liberal principles of political justice will inevitably prove nonneutral in its effects on many comprehensive doctrines and ways of life. This will be true for politically unreasonable doctrines and ways of life (militantly theocratic doctrines, or ways of life centered on violating the basic rights of others). But it may also prove true for comprehensive doctrines and ways of life more or less unopposed to most liberal political values (perhaps the doctrines or ways of life of certain traditional or anti-modern religious sects). Liberalism, Rawls tells us, cannot and should not promise neutrality of effects. But this should not count against it. Every basic social structure faithful to some conception of justice, liberal or nonliberal, will prove nonneutral in its effects on some comprehensive doctrines or ways of life. Here one might think Rawls has missed the point. For what is problematic about his liberalism, it might be argued, is that it will prove non-neutral in its effects on doctrines and ways of life permissible on its own account of political justice. But Rawls has not missed the point. Rawls’s liberalism does not rest on a commitment to the value of, nor does it require, a social world maximally diverse with respect to comprehensive doctrines or ways of life willing more or less to accept liberal principles of political justice. Of course, Rawls’s liberalism would be in serious trouble were it to lead to a social world only weakly diverse. But so long as Rawls’s liberalism permits a healthy degree of diversity, to claim that its non-neutral effect on some comprehensive doctrine or way of life is unfair is to presuppose rather than establish the correctness of some competing conception of justice. Liberalism cannot and should not promise neutrality of effects, but it can and should promise what Rawls calls neutrality of aim. Accommodating Pluralism: Liberal Neutrality and Compulsory Education :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers Accommodating Pluralism: Liberal Neutrality and Compulsory Education ABSTRACT: This paper examines the general neutrality principle of Rawls’ liberalism and then tests that principle against accommodationist intuitions and sympathies in cases concerning the non-neutral effects of a system of compulsory education on particular social groups. Various neutrality principles have long been associated with liberalism. Today I want to examine the general neutrality principle Rawls associates with his own liberalism.(1) I want to begin by getting clear on just what that principle is. Then I want to test it in the context of compulsory education. Let us begin by noting that any basic social structure faithful to liberal principles of political justice will inevitably prove nonneutral in its effects on many comprehensive doctrines and ways of life. This will be true for politically unreasonable doctrines and ways of life (militantly theocratic doctrines, or ways of life centered on violating the basic rights of others). But it may also prove true for comprehensive doctrines and ways of life more or less unopposed to most liberal political values (perhaps the doctrines or ways of life of certain traditional or anti-modern religious sects). Liberalism, Rawls tells us, cannot and should not promise neutrality of effects. But this should not count against it. Every basic social structure faithful to some conception of justice, liberal or nonliberal, will prove nonneutral in its effects on some comprehensive doctrines or ways of life. Here one might think Rawls has missed the point. For what is problematic about his liberalism, it might be argued, is that it will prove non-neutral in its effects on doctrines and ways of life permissible on its own account of political justice. But Rawls has not missed the point. Rawls’s liberalism does not rest on a commitment to the value of, nor does it require, a social world maximally diverse with respect to comprehensive doctrines or ways of life willing more or less to accept liberal principles of political justice. Of course, Rawls’s liberalism would be in serious trouble were it to lead to a social world only weakly diverse. But so long as Rawls’s liberalism permits a healthy degree of diversity, to claim that its non-neutral effect on some comprehensive doctrine or way of life is unfair is to presuppose rather than establish the correctness of some competing conception of justice. Liberalism cannot and should not promise neutrality of effects, but it can and should promise what Rawls calls neutrality of aim.

8 Common Types of Computer Viruses Essay

Dictionary.com defines a computer virus as â€Å"a segment of self-replicating code planted illegally in a computer program, often to damage or shut down a system or network (â€Å"Virus,† 2012).† The term virus has become more generic over the years and has come to represent any type of malware, or malicious software. There are many types of malware that can be classified as viruses but it is the intention of this paper to examine 8 of the most common types. These types are virus, worms, trojans, adware/pop-up ads, spyware, keyloggers, rootkits, and scareware. * Virus- as defined above, a virus is self-replicating code planted in a computer program. This malware’s sole purpose is to destroy or shut down systems and networks. (â€Å"Virus,† 2012). * Worms- These are standalone programs whose sole purpose is to replicate and spread themselves to other computers. Their main use is to search for and delete certain files from computers. * Trojans- This malware is designed to look like a useful program while giving control of the computer to another computer. It can be used for several malicious things: * As part of a botnet to use automated spamming or distribute denial-of-service attacks. * Electronic money theft * Data theft * Downloading or uploading of files to the computer * Deletion or modification of files * Crashing the computer * Watching the viewer’s screen * Anonymous internet viewing * Adware/pop-up ads- â€Å"The definition of adware is a software package which displays or downloads advertisements to a computer. These ads are usually in the form of pop-ups, and the goal of adware is to generate revenue for its author. In itself, adware is harmless, however, some of it may come integrated with spyware (What is the definition of adware? 2012).† * Spyware- Malware used to collect information about a user’s browsing habits  or to intercept personal data. (â€Å"Spyware†, 2012). * Keylogger- Using dedicated software or implanted hardware, this malware covertly monitors and records every keystroke made on a remote computer. (â€Å"Keylogger†, 2012). * Rootkits- â€Å"A rootkit is a collection of tools (programs) that enable administrator-level access to a computer or computer network.† â€Å"A rootkit may consist of spyware and other programs that: monitor traffic and keystrokes; create a â€Å"backdoor† into the system for the hacker’s use; alter log files; attack other machines on the network; and alter existing system tools to escape detection. (â€Å"Rootkit†, 2012) * Scareware- This is a class of malware that represents itself as antivirus software even though it is fake. It is used primarily to scam people into purchasing it but in most cases it does not actually do anything. Sometimes it will contain another piece of malware that it injects into the computer system. References Virus. (2012). Virus. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/virus. Spyware. (2012). Spyware. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/spyware. Keylogger. (2012). Keylogger. Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com /browse/keylogger. Rubenking, Neil J. (2010) â€Å"Antivirus, and much more: when most people talk about antivirus software, they’re really talking about an app that blocks spyware, rootkits, keyloggers, scareware, Trojans, and more–not just viruses. We review 13 antivirus apps that do just that.† PC Magazine : 72+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.itt-tech.edu/ps /i.do?id=GALE%7CA226958047&v=2.1&u=itted&it=r&p=CDB&sw=w. What is. (2012). What is the definition of adware? DirectHit.com. Retrieved from http://www.directhit.com/shopping-answers/what_is_the_definition_of_adware?oo=0 Different Types. (2012). Different types of computer viruses. Buzzle.com. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-computer-viruses.html Rootkit. (2012). Rootkit. SearchMidmarketSecurity. Retrieved from http://searchmidmarketsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/rootkit Scareware. (2012). Scareware. Ask.com. Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/wiki/Scareware